08c_White Racial Identity Development Model Flashcards
White Racial Identity Development Model
Helms (1990)
Two Phases
Abandoning racism
Developing a nonracist White identity
White Racial Identity Development Model
Phases and Statuses
Each phase contains three statuses
Status = method to reduce discomfort related to racial issues
Each status employs information processing strategy (IPS)
White Racial Identity Development Model
The Six Statuses
Contact Status
Disintegration Status
Reintegration Status
Pseudo-Independence Status
Immersion-Emersion Status
Autonomy Status
White Racial Identity Development Model:
Contact status
Little awareness of racism and racial identity
Behaviors reflect racist attitudes and beliefs
White Racial Identity Development Model
Disintegration Status
Confusion and emotional conflict
Due to increasing awareness of race and racism
White Racial Identity Development Model
Reintegration Status
Idealization of White society
Blame minority group members for their problems
View Whites as victims of reverse discrimination
White Racial Identity Development Model
Pseudo-Independence Status
Question own racist views
Acknowledge role of Whites in perpetrating racism
Interest in understanding racial/cultural differences (Intellectualy)
White Racial Identity Development Model
Immersion-Emersion Status
Confrontation of one’s own biases
Understand personal benefits of White privilege
Affective/Experiential understanding of racism
White Racial Identity Development Model
Autonomy Status
Internalization of nonracist White identity
Appreciation and respect for racial/cultural differences
Active seeking of interactions with diverse groups
White Racial Identity Development Model
Disintegration Status:
Efforts to Reduce Dissonance
Overidentification with members of minority groups
Act in paternalistic ways toward minority groups
Retreat into White society
White Racial Identity Development Model:
Four Types of Therapeutic Interactions
Parallel interaction
Progressive interaction
Regressive interaction
Crossed interaction
White Racial Identity Development Model:
Parallel interaction
Therapist and client have similar levels of racial/cultural identity
Pros: mutual understanding and respect
Cons: can lead to inertia
White Racial Identity Development Model:
Progressive interaction
Helms identifies this as the most effective interaction
Therapist’s racial identity is at least one level more advanced than the client
White Racial Identity Development Model:
Regressive Interaction
Client’s racial identity is at least one level more advanced than therapist
Associated with conflct and early termination by client
White Racial Identity Development Model:
Crossed Interaction
Client and therapist have opposite attitudes toward race
Highly confrontational and contentious
