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EPPP B1: Clinical Psychology > 08b_Diversity Issues: Terms and Concepts > Flashcards

08b_Diversity Issues: Terms and Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

Cultural Competence:

Three components

A

Awareness

Knowledge

Skills

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2
Q

Cultural Competence:

Therapist Awareness

A

Assumptions, Values, Beliefs

How one’s cultural heritage may be detrimental to members of culturally diverse groups

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3
Q

Cultural Competence:

Therapist Knowledge

A

Attempt to understand worldviews of culturally diverse clients

Understanding of history, experiences, and values of various groups

Understanding impact of oppression

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4
Q

Cultural Competence:

Therapist Skills

A

Culturally appropriate interventions

Recognize limitations of certain approaches

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5
Q

Cultural Competence:

Two Critical Processes

A

Credibility

Giving

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6
Q

Cultural Competence:

Giving

A

Client’s perception that they have received something from therapy

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7
Q

Therapeutic Giving: Examples

A

Anxiety reduction

Normalization of problems

Skill acquisition

Goal setting

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8
Q

Indigenous Healing:

Three Shared Characteristics

A

Reliance on community and family networks to provide care

Integration of religious/spiritual practices into healing process

Healing process is often conducted by traditional healer or respected member of community

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9
Q

Indigenous Healing:

Emphasis of non-Western indigenous treatments

A

Holistic perspective

Interconnectedness

Harmony

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10
Q

Indigenous Healing:

Curanderismo

A

Holistic healing practice in some Latin American countries and Hispanic American communities

Based on belief that illness arises from natural or supernatural forces

Curandero/a leads healing process with:

  • Religious and spiritual rituals
  • Herbal medicine
  • Massage
  • Other traditional methods
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11
Q

Indigenous Healing:

Ho’oponopono Overview

A

Hawaiian healing ritual that aims to restore harmony among family members by resolving a current conflict

Structured process conducted by senior family member or other respected elder

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12
Q

Indigenous Healing:

Ho’oponopono: Components

A

Identification of problem

Discussions that lead to confession, restitution, forgiveness

A meal is often shared as part of a termination ritual to complete the process

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13
Q

Indigenous Healing:

Native American Sweat Lodge Ceremony

A

Sweating combined with prayers and chanting, storytelling, and other rituals

Goal is to cleanse the body, mind, and spirit of impurities

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14
Q

Acculturation:

Overview

A

Degree of acceptance/adherence to values, attitudes, behaviors of own minority group or majority group

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15
Q

Acculturation: Berry (1987)

Four Categories of Acculturation Status

A

Integration

Assimilation

Separation

Marginalization

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16
Q

Acculturation:

Integration

A

Maintenance of own minority culture

Also incorporates many aspects of dominant culture

aka “Biculturalism”

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17
Q

Acculturation:

Assimilation

A

Relinquishment of own minority culture to accept majority culture

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18
Q

Acculturation:

Separation

A

Withdrawal from dominant culture

Accepts their own culture

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19
Q

Acculturation:

Marginalization

A

Person does not identify with their own culture or with the dominant culture

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20
Q

Acculturation: Kitano (1989)

Asian American Acculturation: Orientation

A

Based on levels of assimilation and ethnic identity

Must be considered in case formulation

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21
Q

Acculturation: Phinney and Devich-Navarro (1997)

Six Categories of Acculturation

A

Assimilated

Fused

Blended bicultural

Alternating bicultural

Separated

Marginal

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22
Q

Acculturation: Phinney and Devich-Navarro (1997)

Blended Bicultural

A

Strong integrated ethnic and American identity

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23
Q

Acculturation: Phinney and Devich-Navarro (1997)

Alternating Bicultural

A

Having distinct ethnic and American identities

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24
Q

Acculturation: Phinney and Devich-Navarro (1997)

Separated

A

Only having an ethnic identity

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25
Acculturation: Phinney and Devich-Navarro (1997) Research with African American and Mexican American Adolescents
Majority described themselves as one of following: Blended Bicultural Alternating Bicultural Separated
26
Worldview: Sue (1978) Two determining factors of one's Worldview
Locus of control: Internal = IC External = EC Locus of responsibility: Internal = IR External = ER
27
Worldview: Clinical Implications
Differences in worldviews between therapist and client may affect interfere with treatmentprogress
28
Example of differing worldviews that could affect therapeutic progress
White, Middle Class Therapist (IC-IR) misinterprets behavior of African-American (EC-ER) as low ego strength and excessive passivity However, behavior may actually be a reaction to racial oppression
29
Worldview: Sue and Sue (2003) Minority groups are increasingly likely to exhibit this worldview pattern
IC-ER Result of increased awareness of own racial and cultural identity, and the impact of oppression on their lives
30
Worldview: Therapist worldview that poses the greatest problem with member of minority groups
IC-IR Minority client is likely to: Challenge the therapist's authority and trustworthiness View therapist as part of oppressive system Be reluctant to self-disclose
31
Cultural encapsulation: Wrenn (1985) Characteristics
# Define everyone's reality according to their own cultural assumptions and stereotypes Disregard cultural differences Ignore evidence that disconfirms confirms their beliefs Rely on techniques and strategies to solve problems Disregard their own cultural biases
32
Emic vs. Etic Orientation
Emic = Culture-specific theories, concepts, and research strategies Etic = Phenomena that reflect a universal orientation
33
Emic Approach
Attempt to understand culture through the eyes of the members of that culture
34
Etic Approach
Involves viewing people from different cultures is essentially the same
35
Emic or Etic? Whic approach is proposed to characterize traditional psychological theories and practices?
Etic
36
High- vs. Low-Context Communication: Hall (1969) Basic Premise
Differences in communication styles can lead to misunderstandings in cross-cultural therapy
37
High-Context Communication: Characteristics
Contextual Depends on group understanding Relies heavily on nonverbal cues Helps unify culture Slow to change
38
Low-Context Communication: One main characteristic
Relies on explicit verbal part of a message
39
Consequences of Oppression: Landrum and Batts (1985) Three results of racial oppression on the mental health of African-Americans
Internalized oppression Conceptual incarceration Split-self syndrome
40
Consequences of Oppression on African Americans: Internalized oppression
System beating (acting out) System blaming Total avoidance of Whites Denial of the political significance of race
41
Consequences of Oppression on African Americans: Manifestations of attempts to deny significance of race
Conspicuous consumption of material goods Using status and educational degrees to elevate one's self-worth Escaping through the use of drugs, food, etc.
42
Consequences of Oppression on African Americans: Conceptual Incarceration
Adoption of a white, Anglo-Saxon Protestant worldview and lifestyle
43
Consequences of Oppression on African Americans: Split-Self Syndrome
Polarization of self into "good" and "bad" components "Bad" components represent African-American identity
44
Consequences of Oppression: Sue and Sue (2003) Survival Mechanisms
Behaviors that African-Americans adopt to disguise negative feelings toward Whites to protect against harm or exploitation
45
Consequences of Oppression on African Americans: Two Survival Mechanisms
Playing it cool Uncle Tom syndrome
46
Consequences of Oppression on African Americans: Uncle Tom Syndrome
Survival mechanism Adopting a passive or "happy-go-lucky" demeanor
47
Cultural versus Functional Paranoia: Ridley (1984) Overview
Model that describes rationale for nondisclosure by African-American therapy clients Cultural paranoia Functional paranoia
48
Cultural Paranoia
Nondisclosure to White therapist by African-American Due to a fear of being hurt or misunderstood Considered a healthy reaction to racism
49
Functional Paranoia
Unwillingness of African-American client to disclose to any therapist, regardless of race or ethnicity Due to general mistrust and suspicion Considered a pathological reaction to racism
50
Ridley's Model of Cultural Paranoia: Four Disclosure Modes
Intercultural Nonparanoiac Discloser Functional Paranoiac Healthy Cultural Paranoiac Confluent Paranoiac
51
Intercultural Nonparanoiac Discloser
Low functional paranoia Low cultural paranoia Willingness to self disclose to African-American or Anglo therapist
52
Functional Paranoiac
High functional paranoia Low cultural paranoia Non-discloses to both African-American and Anglo therapists Nondisclosure is primarily due to pathology
53
Healthy Cultural Paranoiac
Low functional paranoia High cultural paranoia Self-disclosure to African American therapists Reluctance to disclose to Anglo therapist due to past expenses of racism or therapist's attitudes/beliefs
54
Confluent Paranoiac
High functional paranoia High cultural paranoia Nondisclosure to African-American and Anglo therapists Due to combination of pathology and effects of racism
55
Functional Paranoiac: Choice of therapist
Choice of therapist should be based on competence rather than race or culture
56
Healthy Cultural Paranoiac: Treatment Approaches
Confront meaning of paranoia by increasing awareness of antipathy toward Whites Cultivate disclosure flexibility
57
Confluent Paranoiac: Choice of Therapist
Therapist is ideally from the same racial/ethnic group
58
Clinical implications of Cultural Paranoia
Cultural mistrust limits effectiveness of suicide prevention programs Unwillingness of African Americans to participate in hospice programs, DNR, or advance care directives
59
Sexual Stigma, Heterosexism, and Sexual Prejudice Herek (2004) Origin of terminology
Descriptive terms designed to replace the ambiguous and imprecise term "homophobia"
60
Sexual Stigma
Societal negative regard for any nonheterosexual behavior, identity, relationship, community
61
Sexual stigma: Power and status differential
Sexual stigma results in view that homosexuality is inferior to heterosexuality
62
Heterosexism
Cultural ideologies that promote or perpetrate antipathy, hostility, and violence against homosexuals View of sexual minorities as deviant or threatening Systemic in cultural language and laws
63
Sexual Prejudice
Negative attitudes based on sexual orientation Target can be homosexual, bisexual, or heterosexual

EPPP B1: Clinical Psychology (24 decks)

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