01a_Psychodynamic: Freud Flashcards
Psychodynamic Psychotherapies:
Shared Assumptions
Behavior motivated by unconscious processes
INSIGHT into unconscious processes is a key component of therapy
Early development has profound effect on adult functioning
Universal principles explain development and behavior
Freudian Psychoanalysis:
Determinants of Human Development and Behavior
Irrational forces
Unconscious motivations
Biological and instinctual needs and drives
Psychosexual events during the first five years of life
Freudian Psychoanalysis:
Personality Theory Components
Structural Theory (id, ego, superego)
Developmental Theory (psychosexual stages)
Freudian Psychoanalysis:
The Id
Source of all Psychic energy
Consists of life and death instincts
Operates on the Pleasure Principle
Freudian Psychoanalysis:
Pleasure Principle
Immediate gratification of instinctual drives and needs
Goal is to avoid tension
Freudian Psychoanalysis:
The Ego
Develops in response to the id’s inability to gratify all its needs
Operates on the Reality Principle
Freudian Psychoanalysis:
Reality Principle
Deferred gratification until an appropriate object is available in reality
Freudian Psychoanalysis:
Ego’s Primary Task
Ego mediates conflicting demands between id and reality, and between id and the superego
Freudian Psychoanalysis:
Secondary Process Thinking
Ego’s realistic, rational thinking and planning
Freudian Psychoanalysis:
The Superego
Represents internalization of society’s values and standards
Developed through parental rewards and punishment
Freudian Psychoanalysis:
Difference between Ego and Superego’s relationship to the ID
Ego postpones gratification of the id’s instincts
Superego attempts to permanently block the id’s socially unacceptable impulses
Freudian Psychoanalysis:
Approximate age of development of Id, Ego, Superego
Id: present at birth
Ego: 6 months
Superego: 4-5 y.o.
Freudian Psychoanalysis:
Developmental Theory Overview
Emphasizes sexual drives of the id
Five psychosexual stages of development
Freudian Psychoanalysis:
Five psychosexual stages of development
Oral (0-1)
Anal (1-3)
Phallic (3-6)
Latency (6-12)
Genital (12+)
Freudian Psychoanalysis:
Role of the Libido in psychosexual stages
The id’s libido (sexual energy) is centered on a different part of the body
Over-or under-gratification of sexual needs associated with different personality outcomes
Freudian Psychoanalysis:
Anxiety
Alerts ego to danger arising from conflict between id and superego, or real danger from external threat
Freudian Psychoanalysis:
Defense Mechanisms Etiology
Ego resorts to Defense Mechanisms when it is unable to ward off danger through rational realistic means
Freudian Psychoanalysis:
Defense Mechanisms: Two characteristics
Operate on unconscious level
Serve to deny or distort reality
Freudian Psychoanalysis:
Repression
Excludes the id’s drives and needs by maintaining them in the unconscious
*Most basic and underlying defense mechanism
Freudian Psychoanalysis:
Reaction Formation
Avoidance of anxiety-evoking impulse by expressing its opposite
Freudian Psychoanalysis:
Projection
Attributing a threatening impulse to another person or other external source
Freudian Psychoanalysis:
Defense Mechanisms: adaptive vs maladaptive
Adaptive: reduce anxiety
Maladaptive: when they become the ego’s habitual way of dealing with danger
Freudian Psychoanalysis:
View of Maladaptive Behavior
Psychopathology stems from an unconscious, unresolved conflict that occurred during childhood
Freudian Psychoanalysis conceptualization of:
Phobias
Displacement of unresolved conflict onto a symbolic object/event
Freudian Psychoanalysis conceptualization of:
Depression
Object loss coupled with anger toward the object turned inward
Freudian Psychoanalysis conceptualization of:
Mania
Defense against libidinal or aggressive urges that threaten to overwhelm the ego
Freudian Psychoanalysis:
Therapy Goals
Bringing the unconscious into conscious awareness
Integrate previously repressed material into the personality
Freudian Psychoanalysis:
Targets of Analysis
Free associations
Dreams
Resistances
Transferences
Freudian Psychoanalysis:
Therapy Techniques
Confrontation
Clarification
Interpretation
Working through
Freudian Psychoanalysis:
Confrontation
Making statements that help the client see their behavior in a new way
Freudian Psychoanalysis:
Clarification
Clarifying client’s feelings and restating their remarks in clearer terms
Freudian Psychoanalysis:
Interpretation
Explicitly connecting current behavior to unconscious processes
Freudian Psychoanalysis:
Catharsis
Emotional release resulting from the recall of unconscious material
Paves the way for insight into how unconscious processes affect current behaviors
Freudian Psychoanalysis:
Working Through
Final and longest stage in psychoanalysis
Gradual assimilation of new insights into personality
Freudian Psychoanalysis:
Three factors that contribute to improvement
Catharsis
Insight
Working through
Freudian Psychoanalysis:
Recent Modifications
More collaborative, egalitarian view of therapeutic relationship
Reconceptualization of transference and countertransference
Freudian Psychoanalysis:
Updated View of Transference
Transference = attempt to imbue therapist’s actual behavior with personal meaning
*Previously viewed as a distortion
Freudian Psychoanalysis:
Updated View of Countertransference
Potential source of information
Important contributor to the curative process
*Previously viewed as a distorted response to the patient
