01a_Psychodynamic: Freud

Question 1

Psychodynamic Psychotherapies:

Shared Assumptions

Answer 1

Behavior motivated by unconscious processes

INSIGHT into unconscious processes is a key component of therapy

Early development has profound effect on adult functioning

Universal principles explain development and behavior

Question 2

Freudian Psychoanalysis:

Determinants of Human Development and Behavior

Answer 2

Irrational forces

Unconscious motivations

Biological and instinctual needs and drives

Psychosexual events during the first five years of life

Question 3

Freudian Psychoanalysis:

Personality Theory Components

Answer 3

Structural Theory (id, ego, superego)

Developmental Theory (psychosexual stages)

Question 4

Freudian Psychoanalysis:

The Id

Answer 4

Source of all Psychic energy

Consists of life and death instincts

Operates on the Pleasure Principle

Question 5

Freudian Psychoanalysis:

Pleasure Principle

Answer 5

Immediate gratification of instinctual drives and needs

Goal is to avoid tension

Question 6

Freudian Psychoanalysis:

The Ego

Answer 6

Develops in response to the id’s inability to gratify all its needs

Operates on the Reality Principle

Question 7

Freudian Psychoanalysis:

Reality Principle

Answer 7

Deferred gratification until an appropriate object is available in reality

Question 8

Freudian Psychoanalysis:

Ego’s Primary Task

Answer 8

Ego mediates conflicting demands between id and reality, and between id and the superego

Question 9

Freudian Psychoanalysis:

Secondary Process Thinking

Answer 9

Ego’s realistic, rational thinking and planning

Question 10

Freudian Psychoanalysis:

The Superego

Answer 10

Represents internalization of society’s values and standards

Developed through parental rewards and punishment

Question 11

Freudian Psychoanalysis:

Difference between Ego and Superego’s relationship to the ID

Answer 11

Ego postpones gratification of the id’s instincts

Superego attempts to permanently block the id’s socially unacceptable impulses

Question 12

Freudian Psychoanalysis:

Approximate age of development of Id, Ego, Superego

Answer 12

Id: present at birth

Ego: 6 months

Superego: 4-5 y.o.

Question 13

Freudian Psychoanalysis:

Developmental Theory Overview

Answer 13

Emphasizes sexual drives of the id

Five psychosexual stages of development

Question 14

Freudian Psychoanalysis:

Five psychosexual stages of development

Answer 14

Oral (0-1)

Anal (1-3)

Phallic (3-6)

Latency (6-12)

Genital (12+)

Question 15

Freudian Psychoanalysis:

Role of the Libido in psychosexual stages

Answer 15

The id’s libido (sexual energy) is centered on a different part of the body

Over-or under-gratification of sexual needs associated with different personality outcomes

Question 16

Freudian Psychoanalysis:

Anxiety

Answer 16

Alerts ego to danger arising from conflict between id and superego, or real danger from external threat

Question 17

Freudian Psychoanalysis:

Defense Mechanisms Etiology

Answer 17

Ego resorts to Defense Mechanisms when it is unable to ward off danger through rational realistic means

Question 18

Freudian Psychoanalysis:

Defense Mechanisms: Two characteristics

Answer 18

Operate on unconscious level

Serve to deny or distort reality

Question 19

Freudian Psychoanalysis:

Repression

Answer 19

Excludes the id’s drives and needs by maintaining them in the unconscious

*Most basic and underlying defense mechanism

Question 20

Freudian Psychoanalysis:

Reaction Formation

Answer 20

Avoidance of anxiety-evoking impulse by expressing its opposite

Question 21

Freudian Psychoanalysis:

Projection

Answer 21

Attributing a threatening impulse to another person or other external source

Question 22

Freudian Psychoanalysis:

Defense Mechanisms: adaptive vs maladaptive

Answer 22

Adaptive: reduce anxiety

Maladaptive: when they become the ego’s habitual way of dealing with danger

Question 23

Freudian Psychoanalysis:

View of Maladaptive Behavior

Answer 23

Psychopathology stems from an unconscious, unresolved conflict that occurred during childhood

Question 24

Freudian Psychoanalysis conceptualization of:

Phobias

Answer 24

Displacement of unresolved conflict onto a symbolic object/event

Question 25

Freudian Psychoanalysis conceptualization of: Depression

Answer 25

Object loss coupled with anger toward the object turned inward

Question 26

Freudian Psychoanalysis conceptualization of: Mania

Answer 26

Defense against libidinal or aggressive urges that threaten to overwhelm the ego

Question 27

Freudian Psychoanalysis: Therapy Goals

Answer 27

Bringing the unconscious into conscious awareness Integrate previously repressed material into the personality

Question 28

Freudian Psychoanalysis: Targets of Analysis

Answer 28

Free associations Dreams Resistances Transferences

Question 29

Freudian Psychoanalysis: Therapy Techniques

Answer 29

Confrontation Clarification Interpretation Working through

Question 30

Freudian Psychoanalysis: Confrontation

Answer 30

Making statements that help the client see their behavior in a new way

Question 31

Freudian Psychoanalysis: Clarification

Answer 31

Clarifying client's feelings and restating their remarks in clearer terms

Question 32

Freudian Psychoanalysis: Interpretation

Answer 32

Explicitly connecting current behavior to unconscious processes

Question 33

Freudian Psychoanalysis: Catharsis

Answer 33

Emotional release resulting from the recall of unconscious material Paves the way for insight into how unconscious processes affect current behaviors

Question 34

Freudian Psychoanalysis: Working Through

Answer 34

Final and longest stage in psychoanalysis Gradual assimilation of new insights into personality

Question 35

Freudian Psychoanalysis: Three factors that contribute to improvement

Answer 35

Catharsis Insight Working through

Question 36

Freudian Psychoanalysis: Recent Modifications

Answer 36

More collaborative, egalitarian view of therapeutic relationship Reconceptualization of transference and countertransference

Question 37

Freudian Psychoanalysis: Updated View of Transference

Answer 37

Transference = attempt to imbue therapist's actual behavior with personal meaning *Previously viewed as a distortion

Question 38

Freudian Psychoanalysis: Updated View of Countertransference

Answer 38

Potential source of information Important contributor to the curative process *Previously viewed as a distorted response to the patient