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Pulmonology > 08.20 - Viral Pneumonia (Cross) - Questions > Flashcards

08.20 - Viral Pneumonia (Cross) - Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Nearly all viruses that cause pneumonia can cause ___ as well

A

URTI’s

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2
Q

Atypical Pneumonia (viruses) is an acute febrile respiratory disease characterized by

A

(1) Pathcy inflammatory changes; (2) Absence of consolidation; (3) Lack of alveolar exudates

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3
Q

Path findings of Atypical Pneumonia

A

Alveolar walls infiltrated with mononuclear cells (Lymphocytes, Some plasma cells)

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4
Q

Persistent cough and severe wheezing in 3 month old boy

A

RSV

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5
Q

Features of RSV-1

A

Pleomorphic; Enveloped; Negative-sense; Single-stranded; Linear RNA

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6
Q

Dx tests of RSV-1

A

RT-PCR on nasal swab or washings; Rapid antigen test on nasal swab or washings

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7
Q

Which common group is not at risk for RSV pneumonia

A

45-year-old male with 20 pack-year smoking history

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8
Q

In healthy adults, RSV presents as

A

common cold –> One way it may be transferred to infants

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9
Q

Usual natural course of RSV in previously healthy infants

A

Bronchiolitis resolves w/out complications; Mortality rate low (2%)

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10
Q

What patients can be severely affected by RSV

A

Premature; <12 weeks of age; Cardiopulmonary dz; Immunodeficiency

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11
Q

Tx and Prevention Options for RSV

A

Palivizumab; Supportive care w/ hydration, albuterol, oxygen; Ribivirin not recommended

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12
Q

Palivizumab

A

mAb against F protein - prevents binding of virus to host cell

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13
Q

mAb against F protein - prevents binding of virus to host cell

A

Palivizumab

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14
Q

Ribivirin in RSV

A

Routine use in children not recommended

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15
Q

Why is RSV one of most likely viral infections to have a picture on step 1

A

Giant Cell (Syncitia) formation

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16
Q

In whom is adenovirus most severe? Most commonly tested?

A

More severe in infants; Common in military

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17
Q

Tx of Adenovirus

A

None

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18
Q

Transmission of Adenovirus

A

Aerosol, Fecal-Oral, Direct inoculation

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19
Q

Most common cause of respiratory tract infections that result in physician visits and hospitalizations in the US

A

Influenza

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20
Q

Most common causes of post-viral secondary bacterial pneumonia

A

Strep Pneumo, then Staph Aureus

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21
Q

2 important surface proteins found on influenza virus

A

Hemagluttinin; Neuraminidase

22
Q

Hemagluttinin

A

Attach influenza virus to its cellular target

23
Q

Attach influenza virus to its cellular target

A

Hemagluttinin

24
Q

Neuraminidase

A

Facilitates release of newly formed influenza virions

25
Q

Facilitates release of newly formed influenza virions

A

Neuraminidase

26
Q

Surface F Protein

A

Causes respiratory epithelial cells to fuse and form multinucleated giant cells (RSV)

27
Q

Causes respiratory epithelial cells to fuse and form multinucleated giant cells (RSV)

A

Surface F Protein

28
Q

Spike (S) Protein

A

Mediates fusion between Coronavirus and host cell membrane

29
Q

Mediates fusion between Coronavirus and host cell membrane

A

Spike (S) Protein

30
Q

How is influenza transmitted and what type of pathology occurs during infection?

A

Respiratory droplets; Necrosis of superficial layers of respiratory epithelium

31
Q

What results in emergence of new viral strains each year

A

Antigenic drift

32
Q

Antigenic drift results from

A

spontaneous mutations in viral genome as it replicates

33
Q

Antigenic shift results from

A

Reassortment of genome segments (encoding HA and NA genes in flu)

34
Q

Non-segmented negative strand RNA viruses: Shift or Drift

A

Drift, but not shift, because polymerase makes a lot of mistakes

35
Q

Confirmatory dx of influenza

A

RT-PCR of Nasopharyngeal Swab

36
Q

Rapid Urine Antigen Test is used in

A

Legionella, Strep Pneumo

37
Q

3 dx tests of influenza

A

RT-PCR; Direct fluorescent Ab; Rapid viral antigen test

38
Q

How should patient with influenza be treated

A

Oseltamavir, Zanamavir, Abx for secondary bacterial pneumonia

39
Q

Influenza important sequelae

A

Reye’s Syndrome

40
Q

Adenovirus important sequelae

A

Bronchiectasis, Bronchiolitis Obliterans

41
Q

RSV improtant sequelae

A

Asthma

42
Q

Reye’s Syndrome

A

Encephalopathy and Liver Degeneration; In children following viral infections

43
Q

What virus causes SARS

A

Coronavirus

44
Q

What virus causes MERS

A

Coronavirus

45
Q

Hantavirus multiplies in

A

Pulmonary capillary endothelial cells –> Bilateral pleural effusions w/ interstitial infiltrates of mononuclear cells

46
Q

Transmission of Hantavirus

A

Aerosol inhalation of rodent excreta (deer mouse)

47
Q

2 important points on HMPV

A

Respiratory droplets; Winter months

48
Q

Which virus is typically associated with croup and inspiratory stridor?

A

HPIV-1

49
Q

Typical presentation of Parainfluenza Viruses

A

Mild URTI, Croup, Bronchiolotitis and Pneumonia

50
Q

Prognosis of Parainfluenza virus

A

Good, most children recover after a few days. Reinfection common.

Pulmonology (31 decks)

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