08.20 - Pathology of Pulmonary Infections (Nichols) - Questions Flashcards
Cough productive of gelatinous blood sputum
Symptoms of Klebsiella Pneumonia
___ can frequently nail a specific dx of Cryptococcal Pneumonia
Serum Cryptococcal Antigen Test
CXR of TB
Patchy or nodular infiltrate in apical or subapical upper lobes
Gross Path of P Jirovecii Pneumonia
Heavy, diffusely consolidated, tan lungs
Tx of Pneumococcal Pneumonia
Almost any beta-lactam
Aspergillus Pneumonia needs to be distinguished from
Mere colonization (aspergilloma) and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
Gram Stain of P Aerug Pneumonia
Long thin Gram negative bacilli with pointed ends
Course of Histoplasmosis
Usually self-limited, but may disseminate in cell-mediated immunity deficient
When do macrophages replace neutrophils
Day 3
Any __ process will make the lung look like liver
Consolidating (alveolar filling)
With caseating necrosis, think __ first, then ___
TB, then Histo
Acute pneumonia with diarrhea, confusion, and hyponatremia suggests
Legionella
Tx of Histo
Itraconazole for mild-moderate; Amphotericin for severe
3 pathologic features of P Aeruginosa Pneumonia
Hemorrhagic, Necrotizing, Infarcting
Viral Pneumonia tends to be
Interstitial
Primary virulence factor of Cryptococcus
Anti-phagocytic capsule
Pathogenesis of S Aureus Pneumonia
Commonly follows viral respiratory infection (influenza)
Usual patient with pneumocystis pneumonia
HIV w/ CD4
Why does pneumococcal pneumonia stop at lobar septa
Non-necrotizing
Micro Path of Aspergillus Pneumonia
Necrosis, Hemm, Acute inflammation with regular septate hyphae with dichotomous branching
3 pathologic features of S Aureus Pneumonia
Hemorrhagic, Necrotizing, Abscessing
Prognosis of P Jiorvecii Pneumonia
Good
Why is pseudomonas aerug pneumonia so much worse than pneumococcal?
Hits people hospitalized with already bad disease
Dx of Legionella
Can’t culture –> Urine antigen and bronchoscopy
The term aspiration pneumonia is used only for
Aspiration of gastroesophageal contents or food misrouted from the oropharynx – large volumes
Gram positive cocci in clusters on sputum gram stain
S Aureus on sputum gram stain
Gross Path of Crypto Pneumonia
Soft, tan-grey nodules - Not hemmorrhage or calcified
Presentation of P Jirovecci Pneumonia in non-HIV
Fulminant respiratory failure
Viral and Mycoplasma pneumonia typically correlates with __ infiltrate on radiology
Ground-glass
Epidemiology of P. Jirovecii Pneumonia
Immunodeficient
Histo elicits a __ response
Caseating Granulomatous
Blasto vs Crypto
Blasto is bigger
Epidemiology of TB
HIV, Seasonal, Minorities
Mucicarmine Stain is red for
Capsule of Cryptococcus
Alveolar non-necrotizing acute bacterial pneumonia is commonly due to
Pneumococcus
Micro Path of Histoplasmosis
Oval basophilic yeast forms; Necrotizing granulomatous inflammation with epithelioid histiocytes and multinucleated giant cells
When you see caseating necrosis, order these two tests
- Fungal staining with Methanamine Silver; 2. Acid Fast
Chronic phase of coccidioidomycosis
Granulomatous multinucleated giant cell response
What 3 things suggest Legionella Pneumonia
Diarrhea, Confusion, Hyponatremia
Alveolar necrotizing acute bacterial pneumonia is caused by
S Aureus, P Aeruginosa, Klebsiella
S aureus pneumonia is much worse than pneumococcal, probably b/c
it is necrotizing and abscessing
Gross Path of Aspergillus Pneumonia
Nodules, commonly with surrounding hemm (target lesions); Infarction
“walking pneumonia” - one of most common cause of atypical pneumonia
Mycoplasma Pneumonia
Definition of infiltrate
Radiologic manifestation of pneumonia, edema, or hemorrhage
Legionella: necrotizing?
No
4/5 Blastomycosis patients come from the ___
Jail
Fever, Hemoptysis, and Pleuritic chest pain in neutropenic patient
Aspergillosis Pneumonia
Tx of S Aureus Pneumonia
Oxacillin or Vancomycin
Micro Path of TB Pneumonia
Necrotizing Granulomas w/ epitheliod histiocytes and multinucleated giant cells; Very few organisms
Grey Hepatization Phase
Day 4-7: Less congested capillaries, Foamy macrophages replace neutrophils
Macrophages in lungs with finely granular brown pigment
Smoker’s Macrophage
Signs of Pneumococcal Pneumonia
Low fever, Low tachycardia, Mild tachypnea, Crackles
Classic TB sputum has
few bugs
Tx of Aspergillus Pneumonia
Voriconazole
Tx of Mycoplasma Pneumonia
Azithromycin or Levofloxacin
Large encapsulated boxcar gram negative rods on sputum gram stain
Klebsiella
Foamy macrophages are characteristic of
Subacute bacterial pneumonia
Causes of interstitial chronic pneumonia
P Jirovecii, Sarcoidosis, Toxoplasmosis
Gram Stain of S Aureus Pnuemonia
Gram positive cocci in clusters