08.12 - Ventilation, Mechanics, Volumes (Waters)

Question 1

Inspiratory Capacity = ___ + ___

Answer 1

Inspiratory Reserve Volume + Resting Tidal Volume

Question 2

Inspiratory Reserve Volume + Resting Tidal Volume

Answer 2

Inspiratory Capacity

Question 3

Functional Residual Capacity = ___ + ___

Answer 3

Expiratory Reserve Volume + Residual Volume

Question 4

Expiratory Reserve Volume + Residual Volume

Answer 4

Functional Residual Capacity

Question 5

Vital Capacity is composed of

Answer 5

Inspiratory Capacity + Expiratory Reserve Volume

Question 6

Inspiratory Capacity + Expiratory Reserve Volume

Answer 6

Vital Capacity

Question 7

FEV1 values less than 70% of FVC

Answer 7

Obstructive Lung Disease

Question 8

Forced Vital Capacity

Answer 8

TV + IRV + ERV

Question 9

TV + IRV + ERV

Answer 9

Forced Vital Capacity

Question 10

Normal FEV1/FVC

Answer 10

80%

Question 11

FEV1 in Obstructive Lung Disease

Answer 11

FEV1 less than 70% of Forced Vital Capacity (both decreased)

Question 12

Reduced FVC with normal or increased FEV1 to FVC ratio

Answer 12

Restrictive Lung Disease

Question 13

FEV1/FVC in Restrictive Lung Disease

Answer 13

Normal or Increased FEV1 to FVC Ratio

Question 14

Physiologic Dead Space can be estimated as

Answer 14

Fraction of TV by measuring End-Tidal PCO2 and Arterial PCO2

Question 15

Minute Ventilation =

Answer 15

Vmv = Tidal Volume x RR

Question 16

Alveolar Ventilation (Valv) =

Answer 16

(TV - Dead Space) x RR

Question 17

(TV - Dead Space) x RR

Answer 17

Alveolar Ventilation (Valv)

Question 18

Trans-Respiratory System Pressure =

Answer 18

Palv - Patm

Question 19

Trans-Pulmonary Pressure =

Answer 19

Ptp = Palv - Pip

Question 20

Accessory muscles of Inspiration

Answer 20

Scalenes, Sternocleidomastoids

Question 21

Expiratory Muscles

Answer 21

Abdominals, Internal Intercostals

Question 22

Slope of the Pressure-Volume curve for the lung

Answer 22

Compliance

Question 23

Compliance in Inhalation vs Exhalation

Answer 23

Greater during inhalation (slope greater)

Question 24

Compliance in Restrictive Lung Diseases

Answer 24

Decreased - Can’t get air in

Question 25

Compliance in Obstructive Ventilatory Defects

Answer 25

Increased Compliance - Can’t get air out

Question 26

How to normalize Compliance

Answer 26

Divide by FRC -> provides a measure of elastic properties of lung tissue regardless of individual differences in lung volume

Question 27

Vital Capacity in Obstructive vs Restrictive Ventilatory Defects

Answer 27

Normal in Obstructive, Decreased in Restrictive

Question 28

How does surfactant affect lung compliance

Answer 28

Increases Lung Compliance

Question 29

Compliance in Respiratory Distress Syndrome of the Newborn

Answer 29

Decreased

Question 30

What is atalectasis

Answer 30

Unstable alveoli that collapse on expiration

Question 31

The larger the radius, the ___ the pressure needed to keep it open

Answer 31

smaller

Question 32

Laplace’s Law = P = (T x 2 x pi x r)/(pi x r^2)

Answer 32

P = (T x 2 x pi x r)/(pi x r^2)

Question 33

Poiseulle’s Equation

Answer 33

R = 8nl/pir^4

Question 34

Where is major resistance to air flow in respiratory system

Answer 34

Upper airways, even though radius larger

Question 35

Lung Volume in Asthmatics

Answer 35

Pts with increased airway resistance often breathe at high lung volumes, which helps keep airway resistance lower