08.14 - Respiratory, Ventilatory Failure (Muthiah) - Questions

Question 1

__ is what actually drives breathing, via ___

Answer 1

PCO2, via hydrogen ions

Question 2

High CO2 receptors at baseline means you’re workin on ___

Answer 2

Hypoxic Drive

Question 3

Peripheral Chemoreceptors are primarily driven by ____

Answer 3

PaCO2 dissolved in plasma

Question 4

PaCO2 levels in ARDS

Answer 4

If anything, hypocapnea: Hypoxemia driving hyperventilation

Question 5

PaCO2 levels in COPD

Answer 5

Hypercapnea: Obstruction traps/retains CO2

Question 6

PaCO2 levels in Pulmonary Fibrosis

Answer 6

Gradual so no Hyper or Hypo-capnea

Question 7

Ventilatory Failure specifically means

Answer 7

Patient retaining CO2

Question 8

Respiratory Failure means

Answer 8

Hypoxemia and Hypercapnea

Question 9

Most patients with hypercapnic failure also have

Answer 9

hyperoxemic failure

Question 10

Most common mechanism behind hypoxemic failure

Answer 10

V/Q Mismatch

Question 11

Physiologic Shunt

Answer 11

5%

Question 12

ARDS is a classic example of pure

Answer 12

Shunt

Question 13

Heart defects are what classification of Hypoxemic mechanism

Answer 13

Shunt

Question 14

Blood arriving at lungs is usually __ O2 sat

Answer 14

70%

Question 15

Lower mixed venous O2 sat =>

Answer 15

Lower arterial O2 sat

Question 16

2 Causes of lower mixed venous O2

Answer 16

Incr O2 extraction: Exercise and Infection

Question 17

Dead Space Ventilation means there is no

Answer 17

Perfusion at ventilated alveoli

Question 18

2 Mechanisms of Hypercapnic Failure

Answer 18

Decreased minute ventilation relative to demand; Incr dead space ventilation

Question 19

Normal A-a gradient rules out

Answer 19

Intrinsic lung disease

Question 20

When A-a gradient is widened, there is something wrong with

Answer 20

Lungs

Question 21

__ readily corrects with supp O2, ___ does not

Answer 21

V/Q mismatch, Shunt does not

Question 22

5 Causes of Hypoxemia

Answer 22

Decr PiO2; Hypoventilation; V/Q mismatch; Shunt; Diffusion limitation

Question 23

4 causes of Hypercapnic Resp Failure:

Answer 23

Central Hypovent; Neuropathies; Muscle failure; Airway Obstruction

Question 24

3 causes of O2 curve shift to right

Answer 24

Temp, Acidosis, Phosphate-2,3-DPG

Question 25

3 Causes of O2 curve shift to left:

Answer 25

Low temp, Alkalosis, Fetal Hb

Question 26

If patient presents with hypotension, suspect:

Answer 26

infection

Question 27

Fifth Vital Sign

Answer 27

Pulse Oximetry

Question 28

3 Drug Classes to Tx Bronchospasm

Answer 28

Beta 2 Agonist; Anti-cholinergic; LABA’s

Question 29

Time to onset of Beta 2 Agonists and Anti-cholinergics

Answer 29

Both about 5-15 minutes