[07] Experimental Design and Statistical Analysis Flashcards
What is the topic of the “Experimental Design and Statistical Analysis” deck?
- Planning of scientific experiments
- Hypothesis testing
- Use of controls
- Data analysis
Define ‘Experimental Design’ in scientific research
The process of planning a study to meet specified objectives
What is a ‘Hypothesis’ in the context of Experimental Design?
A tentative assumption made in order to draw out and test its empirical consequences
What is ‘Hypothesis Testing’?
A statistical method that uses sample data to evaluate a hypothesis about a population parameter
Define ‘Control’ in the context of Experimental Design
A standard against which experimental observations may be evaluated
What is ‘Data Analysis’ in the context of Experimental Design?
The process of inspecting, cleaning, transforming, and modeling data with the goal of discovering useful information
What are ‘Variables’ in Experimental Design?
Characteristics or conditions that can change or vary in an experiment
What is a ‘Dependent Variable’?
The variable being tested and measured in an experiment
What is an ‘Independent Variable’?
The variable that is changed or controlled in a scientific experiment
Define ‘Confounding Variable’
An outside influence that changes the effect of a dependent and independent variable
What is a ‘Control Group’?
The group in an experiment or study that does not receive treatment by the researchers
What is an ‘Experimental Group’?
The group in an experiment that receives the variable being tested
What is ‘Randomization’ in Experimental Design?
A technique used to ensure that each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to any group in an experiment
Define ‘Statistical Significance’
The likelihood that a relationship between two or more variables is caused by something other than chance
What is a ‘Null Hypothesis’?
A hypothesis that suggests there is no statistical significance between the set of observed and expected data
