[03] Cell Biology Flashcards
What will be covered in the “Cell Biology” deck?
- Cell structure
- Cell function
- Cell cycle
- Cell death
What are the main parts of a cell?
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
- Cell membrane
- Mitochondria
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Ribosomes
What is the function of the cell membrane?
It regulates the movement of substances in and out of cells
What role does the nucleus play in a cell?
It controls and regulates the activities of the cell
List the main stages of the cell cycle
- Interphase
- Mitosis
- Cytokinesis
What occurs during interphase?
The cell grows, duplicates its DNA, and prepares for cell division
Define ‘Mitosis’
The process where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells
What happens during ‘Cytokinesis’?
The cytoplasm of a cell is divided to form two daughter cells
What is ‘Cell Death’?
The event of a cell ceasing to carry out its functions due to aging or dysfunction
Define ‘Apoptosis’
It’s a form of programmed cell death
Why is ‘Apoptosis’ important?
It is crucial for eliminating damaged cells and maintaining tissue homeostasis
What is ‘Necrosis’ in the context of cell death?
An uncontrolled form of cell death caused by factors external to the cell
What is the difference between ‘Apoptosis’ and ‘Necrosis’?
Apoptosis is a controlled cell death mechanism, whereas Necrosis is uncontrolled and usually occurs due to external damage
What is ‘Autophagy’?
A process where the cell “self-eats” to recycle components and provide nutrients
How is ‘Autophagy’ related to cell death?
It can lead to cell death if cellular components are excessively degraded
What is ‘Mitochondria’ known as?
The powerhouse of the cell
What is the function of ‘Mitochondria’?
They produce energy (ATP) through respiration
What is ‘Endoplasmic Reticulum’ (ER)?
A network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm
What are the functions of ‘Endoplasmic Reticulum’ (ER)?
Synthesizing proteins and lipids
What is the role of ‘Ribosomes’?
They are the sites of protein synthesis in the cell
