[04] Genetics and Genomics Flashcards
What will be covered in the “Genetics and Genomics” deck?
- Fundamentals of genetics
- Genetic variation
- Genomic techniques
What are the basic units of heredity?
Genes
What makes up a gene?
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)
What is the function of a gene?
It contains instructions for making proteins
Define ‘Genome’
The complete set of DNA in an organism
What is the role of the genome in an organism?
It contains all the information necessary for the growth and development of that organism
Define ‘Genetic Variation’
Differences in genes among individuals of a population
What are some sources of ‘Genetic Variation’?
- Mutation
- Recombination
- Random mating
Define ‘Mutation’ in the context of genetics
A permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene
What is a ‘Genomic Technique’?
A method used to study the structure and function of genomes
What are some common ‘Genomic Techniques’?
- DNA sequencing
- Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
- Genome editing (e.g., CRISPR-Cas9)
Define ‘DNA Sequencing’
The process of determining the precise order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule
Define ‘Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)’
A method used to rapidly make millions to billions of copies of a specific DNA sample
Define ‘CRISPR-Cas9’
A technique used for editing genes within organisms
What is ‘Genomics’?
The study of all of an organism’s genes (the genome)
