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CFoM > 05a: Muscle Tissue Histology > Flashcards

05a: Muscle Tissue Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Contractile cells/tissues can be divided into which subcategories?

A
  1. Single cell units

2. Multicellular tissues

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2
Q

Give examples of contractile cells that work as single-cell units.

A
  1. Myoepithelium
  2. Myofibroblasts
  3. Pericytes
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3
Q

Which muscle tissue type(s) is/are striated?

A

Skeletal and Cardiac

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4
Q

What are the types of skeletal muscle tissue?

A
  1. Type I
  2. Type IIa
  3. Type IIb
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5
Q

Type I skeletal muscle, aka (X), has (more/less) mitochondria than the other types.

A

X = red

More

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6
Q

Smooth muscle is (unitary/multiunit).

A

Can be either

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7
Q

Which muscle tissue type(s) is/are innervated by the autonomic NS?

A

Cardiac and smooth

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8
Q

T/F: Skeletal muscle is multinucleated.

A

True

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9
Q

T/F: Skeletal muscle fiber diameter can be as small as the diameter of RBC.

A

True (10 micrometers)

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10
Q

The PM of muscle fiber is called:

A

Sarcolemma

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11
Q

The cytoplasm of muscle fiber is called:

A

Sarcoplasm

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12
Q

The specialized (X) ER of the muscle fiber is called (Y) and functions primarily to:

A 
X = smooth
Y = sarcoplasmic reticulum

Sequester Ca

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13
Q

Smallest functional unit of contraction.

A

Sarcomere

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14
Q

Series of sarcomeres constitute (X). And a group of (X) constitutes (Y).

A 
X = Myofibril
Y = Muscle fiber
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15
Q

Going from one Z-band to the middle of the sarcomere, list all bands you’d encounter in order

A
  1. Z band
  2. I band
  3. A band
  4. H band
  5. M band
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16
Q

What’s nebulin?

A

Linear protein that controls actin filament length (template for precise filament assembly)

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17
Q

Titin is a(n) (X) that attaches to (Y). What is/are its function(s).

A 
X = protien
Y = Z-line and myosin

Functions to:

  1. Confer elasticity
  2. Keep myosin centered
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18
Q

Desmin is a(n) (X) that functions to (Y).

A 
X = intermediate filament (for muscle)
Y = keep sarcomeres in vertical array
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19
Q

Which filament(s) shorten during muscle contraction?

A

No shortening! Sliding mechanism

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20
Q

During contraction, the sarcomere shortens by (X)%.

A

X = 25

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21
Q

Max range of contraction is related to (X). Max strength is related to (Y).

A 
X = muscle length
Y = muscle diameter
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22
Q

Skeletal muscle: T-tubules arranged in what fashion?

A

Precisely arranged at A-I interface of myofibrils

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23
Q

Skeletal muscle: Terminal cisterns of (X) are associated with (Y). These components form a (diad/triad).

A 
X = sarcoplasmic reticulum
Y = T-tubules

Triad

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24
Q

Skeletal muscle: where, specifically, is Ca stored?

A

Terminal cisterns of sarcoplasmic reticulum

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25
Q

T/F: Skeletal muscle membrane depolarization can be detected from outside/periphery of the fiber.

A

False - depolarization reaches fiber interior

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26
Q

Skeletal muscle: (X) depolarization leads to (Y) depolarization and which subsequent event?

A 
X = membrane
Y = t-tubule (triad)

Opening of Ca channels in terminal cistern

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27
Q

Which muscle type capable of repeated contraction without fatigue?

A

Type I (red)

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28
Q

(Slow/fast)-twitch, glycolytic muscle appears (red/white/intermediate) and is (quick/resistant) to fatigue.

A

Fast; white; quick

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29
Q

Intermediate skeletal muscle type is (slow/fast)-twitch.

A

Fast

30
Q

PAS stain is a stain for:

A

Glycogen

31
Q

Which skeletal muscle type would be most PAS positive? Which color would they appear in the slide?

A

White (fast-twitch, glycolytic); appear most pink of the fibers in the slide

32
Q

Which LM technique can be used to visualize mitochondria levels in skeletal muscle?

A

Cytochrome oxidase (via enzyme cytochemistry)

33
Q

In skeletal muscle slide using cytochrome oxidase, to portray (X) levels, how does the appearance of red/white muscle types differ?

A

X = mitochondria

Red: smallest, darkest fibers
White: largest, lightest fibers

34
Q

Which skeletal muscle type used for posture?

A

Slow-twitch, oxidative (red/type I)

35
Q

Which skeletal muscle type used for sprinting?

A

Fast-twitch, glycolytic (white/type IIb)

36
Q

T/F: All body muscles have mixture of skeletal muscle fiber subtypes.

A

True

37
Q

T/F: The skeletal muscle fiber subtype cannot be altered once the muscle has developed.

A

False - subtype based on neuron that innervates fiber. So these innervations, and the subtype, can change

38
Q

Describe basic steps in skeletal muscle formation.

A
  1. Myoblast matures
  2. Myoblasts fuse (form syncytium, then myotube)
  3. New myoblasts fuse at ends/sides and fiber grows in diameter
  4. Satellite cells attach peripherally and fiber is innervated
39
Q

What are satellite cells?

A

Muscle (multi-potent) stem cells

40
Q

Upon activation, what’s the function of satellite cells?

A

Can re-enter the cell cycle to proliferate and differentiate into myoblasts

41
Q

Sarcopenia is:

A

Age-related involuntary loss of skeletal muscle

42
Q

Loss of muscle mass in older people parallels gain of:

A

fat mass

43
Q

Cachexia is:

A

Muscle-wasting stage of disease; body breaks down skeletal muscle for glucose (to keep brain function)

44
Q

Which diseases can eventually lead to Cachexia?

A

Cancer, AIDS, chronic forms of kidney disease, heart failure

45
Q

Where, wrt the heart, is cardiac muscle found?

A

In heart walls and septum

46
Q

What are the cardiac muscle equivalent of skeletal muscle satellite cells?

A

There is none

47
Q

Describe some key artifacts in the cardiac muscle histology slide.

A
  1. Intercalated disc
  2. Sarcoplasmic cone
  3. Less clear banding pattern (due to high mitochondria levels)
48
Q

Primary function of intercalated discs.

A

Hold cells together

49
Q

Intercalated disc is a complex of:

A

3 Intercellular junctions (fascia adherens, gap junction, desmosome)

50
Q

The fascia adherens in (X) muscle is critical for connecting (Y) of cells.

A 
X = cardiac
Y = myofibrils' actin
51
Q

Which structure(s) are responsible for the spread of depolarization in cardiac muscle?

A

Gap junctions (part of intercalated disc)

52
Q

Which intercellular junction, part of (X) in cardiac muscle, acts like zonular adherens?

A

X = intercalated disc

Fascia adherens

53
Q

The intermediate filament, (X), is important in which cardiac muscle structure(s)?

A

X = desmin

In desmosome of intercalated disc

54
Q

Cardiac muscle: T-tubules arranged in what fashion?

A

Located at Z-lines

55
Q

Cardiac muscle: location/storage of Ca.

A

Ca bound to external lamina in T-tubule

56
Q

External lamina (is/isn’t) charged.

A

Is; negatively-charged

57
Q

What differs about the connection of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the T-tubules between cardiac and skeletal muscle?

A

Cardiac: not as extensive of sarcoplasmic reticulum network, so association with T-tubule forms DIAD, not triad

58
Q

What’s ANP in (X) muscle?

A

X = cardiac

Atrial Naturietic Peptide; a powerful vasodilator

59
Q

ANP released in response to (X) and acts on (Y).

A 
X = stretch of atrial walls
Y = kidneys (reduce body fluid/BP)
60
Q

Purkinje and Bundle fibers have an increase in which characteristic(s) of cardiac muscle?

A
  1. Size of cardiac cells
  2. Number of gap junctions
  3. Glycogen content
61
Q

Purkinje and Bundle fibers have an decrease in which characteristic(s) of cardiac muscle?

A

Number of myofibrils

62
Q

Smallest smooth muscle fibers found in (X). Largest found in (Y).

A 
X = vessels (metarterioles)
Y = uterus
63
Q

Shape of smooth muscle cell.

A

Fusiform

64
Q

T/F: Skeletal and Smooth muscle are capable of mitotic division.

A

False - only smooth muscle; skeletal muscle incapable once syncytium formed

65
Q

(X) muscle is capable of (synthesizing/secreting) fibers and nonfribrillar ECM.

A

X = smooth

Both synthesizes and secretes

66
Q

(X) muscle behaves more like viscous mass (plasticity).

A

X = smooth

67
Q

Compare the contraction rate/energy use of smooth muscle and skeletal muscle.

A

Smooth muscle contraction takes 10x longer, can be prolonged, and requires less energy

68
Q

(X) are electron-dense structures in smooth muscle tissue, to which actin is attached.

A

X = dense plaques and bodies

69
Q

T/F: Gap junctions found in all smooth muscle types.

A

False - in unitary type smooth muscle

70
Q

Cytoplasm of smooth muscle dominated by:

A

Cytoplasmic filaments (primarily actin)

71
Q

Nucleus of smooth muscle cells is slightly (heterochromatic/euchromatic/nonexistent).

A

Euchromatic

CFoM (18 decks)

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