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CFoM > 04c: Cell Surface Specialization > Flashcards

04c: Cell Surface Specialization Flashcards

1
Q

Apical cell surface specializations.

A
  1. Cilia
  2. Stereocilia
  3. Microvilli
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2
Q

Lateral cell surface specializations.

A
  1. Junctions (occluding, adhering, communicating)

2. Membrane plicae (infoldings)

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3
Q

Basal cell surface specializations.

A

Basal lamina and basal striations

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4
Q

List the principal elements of cytoskeleton. Which are intracellular/Extracellular?

A
  1. Microfilaments
  2. MT
  3. Intermediate filaments

All intracellular!

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5
Q

Which key filament supports microvilli?

A

Bundle of actin filaments

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6
Q

At base of microvilli, which structure serves as support?

A

Terminal web of actin filaments

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7
Q

The (X) of the cell’s microvilli reflect the cell’s (Y) capacity.

A 
X = shape and number
Y = absorptive
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8
Q

Choroid plexus has which cell specialization?

A

Stubby microvilli (allow absorption of CSF to subarachnoid space)

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9
Q

Cilia and (X) have which special characteristic of movement?

A

X = flagella

Rhythmic, coordinated beating

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10
Q

Core of cilium is called (X). Describe structure.

A

X = axoneme

(9+2) Complex of MT and MAPs

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11
Q

Which protein involved in movement in cilia?

A

Dynein

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12
Q

Snapping movement of cilium is controlled by (X), which is composed of:

A

X = basal body

Short cylinder of 9 MT triplets

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13
Q

T/F: basal body of cilium is located within the cell.

A

True

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14
Q

Stereocilia function.

A

Absorption

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15
Q

Which protein involved in movement in stereocilia?

A

Stereocilia are non-motile

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16
Q

Stereocilia structure

A

Long, branches core of actin filaments

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17
Q

T/F: intercellular junctions are only really found in Epithelia.

A

False

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18
Q

Subcategories of intercellular junctions.

A
  1. Occluding
  2. Adhering
  3. Communicating
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19
Q

List subtypes of occluding intercellular junctions.

A

Zonula occludens

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20
Q

List subtypes of adhering intercellular junctions.

A
  1. Zonula adherens
  2. Macula adherens
  3. Fascia adherens
  4. Hemidesmosome
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21
Q

List subtypes of communicating intercellular junctions.

A

Gap junctions

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22
Q

“Zonula” indicates:

A

A “belt” around cells

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23
Q

“Macula” indicates:

A

A distinct spot of adhesion between cells

24
Q

“Fascia” indicates:

A

A sheet-like structure that stabilizes cells

25
Q

Tight junctions, aka (X), function to:

A

X = zonula occludens

  1. Limits passage of material between adjacent cells
  2. Keeps apical and basolateral membrane domains separate
26
Q

Which proteins form stitches in zonula occludens?

A
  1. Occludins

2. Claudins

27
Q

Proteins involved in forming zonula occludens are present on (intra/extra)-cellular side of membranes.

A

They’re multi-pass transmembrane proteins

28
Q

T/F: zonula occludens proteins are impermeable to all molecules.

A

False - Claudins are permeable to water

29
Q

Leakiness of zonula occludens depends on:

A
  1. Tightness of transmembrane particle “quilt pattern”

2. Relative amount of claudins

30
Q

(X) prevents cell rupture when sheet of cells stretch. How?

A

X = Adhering junctions

Transmembrane proteins attach cytoskeletal filaments of one cell to those of adjacent cells

31
Q

Zonula adherens, aka (X), specifically links:

A

X = intermediate junctions

Cadherin complex and actin to that of adjacent cell

32
Q

Zonula adherens are typically found closer to (apical/middle/basal) part of cells.

A

Apical (near lumen)

33
Q

(X) intercellular junctions are Ca-dependent.

A

X = zonula and macula adherins

34
Q

Macula adherens, aka (X), are (weaker/stronger) than zonula adherens.

A

X = desmosomes

Much stronger

35
Q

Describe structure of macula adherens.

A

Dense attachment plaque with transmembrane proteins that associate with those of adjacent cell

36
Q

Transmembrane proteins, such as (X), involved in macula adherens are which type of proteins?

A

X = desmocollin and desmoglein

Glycoproteins

37
Q

Which type of cytoskeletal component associates with (X) in the macula adherens?

A

X = attachment plaque

Loops of bundled keratins (intermediate filaments)

38
Q

The dense attachment plaque, found in (X) intercellular junctions, is located (intra/extra)-cellularly.

A

X = macula adherens

Intracellular

39
Q

(X) junctions, with (Y) cytoskeletal components, link the epithelial cells of the skin.

A 
X = desmosomes
Y = keratin filaments
40
Q

The junctional complex is crucial for:

A

Epithelia’s effective barrier function

41
Q

The junctional complex is which type of intercellular junction?

A

Consists of:

  1. Tight junction
  2. Intermediate junction
  3. Desmosome
42
Q

(X) corresponds to the terminal bar of LM.

A

X = junctional complex

43
Q

What the plicae in the (X) membrane?

A

X = lateral

Infoldings to increase surface area

44
Q

Hemidesmosome is located on which surface of epithelial cell?

A

Basal

45
Q

Hemidesmosome links:

A

Cytoskeletal intermediate filaments to transmembrane integrins (which links epithelium to basement membrane)

46
Q

Gap junction, aka (X), formed by which protein(s)?

A

X = nexus

6 transmembrane connexins form aqueous pore (transmembrane cylindrical connexons)

47
Q

(X) intercellular junctions can open/close, permitting passage of (Y).

A

X = gap junctions

Y = small molecules (less than 1 kD)

48
Q

T/F: Ligands and signal molecules regulate opening/closing of gap junctions.

A

False - voltage

49
Q

Gap junctions are incredibly important for:

A

Intercellular coordination/communication

50
Q

Transportation of ions from lumen to underlying connective tissue depends on which specific proteins in (X) membrane/surface of epithelium?

A

X = basal

Na/K pumps

51
Q

(X) increase surface area of basal membrane.

A

X = Basal enfoldings

52
Q

Why would there be so many of (X) organelle around (Y) enfoldings?

A 
X = mitochondria
Y = basal

To provide ATP for Na/K pumps

53
Q

EM image: dark spots in plasmolema indicate what?

A

Spots where actin associates with integrin

54
Q

The protein (X) is important in linking extracellular domain of integrin to (Y) in basal lamina.

A 
X = laminin
Y = Type 4 collagen
55
Q

What’s the difference, if any, between basal lamina and external lamina?

A

Same morphology and functions, but different locations

56
Q

External lamina found in (X) cells.

A

X = Schwann, muscle, fat

57
Q

Zonula adherens have which type of transmembrane protein linking adjacent cell (X) cytoskeleton component.

A

Cadherin;

X = actin

CFoM (18 decks)

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