01a: Membranes Flashcards
The direct cause of lysosomal storage diseases:
Accumulation of sphingolipids in the lysosome
Peroxisomes play a role in (degradation/biosynthesis).
Both
Cellular lipids are degraded via (X) reaction, carried out by which organelle(s)?
X = beta-oxidation
Peroxisomes
Describe the break down of cellular lipids by beta-oxidation.
- Hydrocarbon chain degraded 2 C units at a time
2. Acetyl molecules transported into cytosol for biosynthesis
T/F: Peroxisomes are required for synthesis of all glycerolipids.
False - only some glycerolipids
(X) is major site of ATP synthesis.
X = mitochondrion
A spherocyte, aka (X), is indicative of:
X = RBC that’s spherical in shape
hemolytic anemia
T/F: Accumulation of protein aggregates can change a cell’s shape.
True
Which organ(s) can destroy spherocytes?
Spleen only
What are the major lipids found in the PM?
- Glycerophospholipids
- Sphingolipids
- Cholesterol
- Other lipids (i.e. glycolipids)
Phosphatidylcholine is an example of a (X).
X = glycerophospholipid
Give some examples of molecules present in glycerophospholipid head?
Choline, serine, ethanolamine, inositol
Give some examples of molecules that connect head and tail in a glycerophospholipid?
Phosphate, glycerol
Glycerophospholipid tails are composed of:
2 FA chains (1 saturated and 1 unsat)
What’s the key difference between sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids?
Sphingolipids derived from sphingosine, not glycerol
Lattice structure composed of (X) gives the RBC its shape. Where is this lattice, wrt the cell?
X = alpha and beta spectrin proteins
On cytoplasmic surface of membrane
Alpha and beta spectrin attached (directly/indirectly) to plasma membrane by:
Indirectly; spectrins attached to Ankyrin, which attaches to Band 3 (an integral membrane protein)
Atypical pneumonia is caused by (X), a bacterium that (secretes/extracts) (Y).
X = Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Extracts;
Y = Cholesterol from cell membrane
T/F: Lipids in plasma membrane can flip-flop in trans between each layer of bilayer.
True
List the key things that affect membrane fluidity.
- Temperature
- FA chain length
- Cholesterol content
- Unsaturation of tails
Increase temperature, (increase/decrease) membrane fluidity.
Increase
Increase cholesterol content, (increase/decrease) membrane fluidity.
Decrease
Increase FA chain length, (increase/decrease) membrane fluidity.
Decrease
Increase unsaturation of FA chain, (increase/decrease) membrane fluidity.
Increase
Mycoplasma pneumoniae affect which specific structure(s) in atypical pneumonia?
Less cholesterol, more fluidity in bronchial cilia membrane; become limp and incapable of beating (mucous accumulation and decrease in rich medium for mycoplasma propagation)
Why are liposome drugs beneficial for delivery chemotherapeutic agents?
Cancer tissue is warmer than regular tissue (inflammatory response), so drug release easier
Release of drugs from liposomes requires which key protein type?
X = integrins
