Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CFoM > 04a: Cytoskeleton > Flashcards

04a: Cytoskeleton Flashcards

1
Q

Roles of cytoskeleton

A
  1. Structural scaffold
  2. Cell movement
  3. Intracellular traffic
  4. Mitosis and meiosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How can targeting cytoskeleton be a method to treat cancer?

A
  1. Cell movement (metastasis)
  2. Cell division (proliferation)

Depend on cytoskeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

T/F: cell motility only dependent on actin.

A

False - MT also play a role

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Roles of MT:

A

Mitosis, motility, intracellular transport, secretion, cell shape/polarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Basic MT structure:

A

Long, hollow cylinder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

MT polymers are composed of (X) (monomers/dimers/trimers/other).

A

X = alpha and beta tubulin

Hererodumers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

There are how many isoforms of alpha and beta tubulin?

A

3 forms of alpha and 5 forms of beta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which structural component is responsible for the polarity of MT?

A

The head-to-tail association of the heterodimers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

(X) nucleate the MT at its (Y) end, and the MT begins to grow.

A 
X = centrosome
Y = minus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which end of MT grows?

A

Both plus and minus ends grow. But different rates of polymerization.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Beta tubulin points to (X) end of MT. Alpha tubulin points to (Y) end.

A 
X = plus (faster-growing)
Y = minus (slower-growing)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Gamma-tubulin is important for (MT/actin) formation. What’s its function?

A

MT; functions as template for correct MT assembly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

(X) proteins bind to MT for what purpose?

A

X = capping

Stabilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Capping proteins bind to (alpha/beta) tubulin.

A

Neither! Gamma-tubulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

MT regulation depends on:

A
  1. Proteins

2. Properties (isoforms and post-translational modifications)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Taxol function.

A

Stabilizes MT; drug against a number of cancers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Colchicine function.

A

Binds MT subunits and prevents polymerization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Vinblastine function.

A

Binds ends of MT subunits and prevents polymerization.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

T/F: taxol, colchicine, and vinblastine are all chemotherapeutics.

A

False - colchicine used to treat gout and femial Mediterranean fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Intermediate filaments important for:

A
  1. Mechanical integrity

2. Active sequestering, positioning, scaffolds for signal molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Intermediate filaments are divided into (X) classes, based on:

A

X = 6

Specific cell type in which filaments are found

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Acidic keratin intermediate filaments play role in which cell type?

A

Epithelia

23
Q

Desmin intermediate filaments play role in which cell type?

A

Muscle

24
Q

Lamin intermediate filaments play role in which cell type?

A

Cell nuclei

25
Q

Actin filaments, aka (X), are important for:

A

X = microfilaments

  1. Cell shape
  2. Locomotion
  3. Muscle contraction
  4. Cytokinesis
  5. Phagocytosis
  6. Platelet aggregation
26
Q

What’s the structure of actin polymer?

A

Two-stranded helix of actin monomers

27
Q

What are the types of actin monomers?

A

Alpha, beta, gamma

28
Q

An actin filament typically contains (X)% alpha monomer, (Y)% beta, (X)% gamma.

A

Each filament contains only one type of actin

29
Q

Which end of actin grows?

A

Both! But different rates of polymerization

30
Q

The basic requirements for a cell to move:

A
  1. Change shape
  2. Create traction/force
  3. Balance attachment and detachment to ECM
  4. Move in a direction
31
Q

T/F: all steps required for cell locomotion involve the actin cytoskeleton.

A

True

32
Q

List the steps of cell locomotion.

A
  1. Protrusion of leading edge
  2. Adhesion at leading edge and detachment at trailing edge
  3. Movement of cell body
33
Q

Leading edge of cell protrudes in response to (X), such as:

A

X = Extracellular signal

  1. Growth factors
  2. AA or formylated peptides
  3. Second messengers
34
Q

Detection of signal for cell movement will cause which intracellular event?

A

Activation of Rho GTPase Rac1 as well as PIP2

35
Q

Action of Rac1/PIP2

A

Activates WASP family/Scar

36
Q

(WAVE/WASP) is part of the (WAVE/WASP) family.

A

WAVE; WASP

37
Q

WAVE function.

A

Activated Arp2/3 complex

38
Q

Arp2/3 complex function

A

Actin nucleation (new filaments initiated)

39
Q

ADF/cofilin complex function

A

Severs/depolymerizes ends of existing actin filaments during protrusion of leading edge

40
Q

In protrusion of leading edge, (X) engulfs the severed actin subunits and breaks them down into (Y).

A

Actin units are bound to profiling and recycled for new filaments

41
Q

During protrusion of leading edge, prevention of further actin extension is done by:

A

Capping the plus ends by Formin proteins

42
Q

T/F: Actin polymerization generates branched 3D network and pushes membrane forward.

A

False - 2D network

43
Q

Attachment of leading edge to (X) is possible by:

A

X = ECM

Actin interaction with integrins

44
Q

Detachment of trailing edge is carried out by:

A

Rho A (a Rho GTPase)

45
Q

(Alpha/beta) integrins interact with actin cytoskeleton.

A

Both alpha and beta

46
Q

Which key mechanisms allow cell body movement?

A
  1. Actomyosin contraction

2. Molecular clutching

47
Q

Actomyosin contraction involves which type of myosin.

A

Non-muscle myosin II

48
Q

Which myosin domain is responsible for movement down (X) filaments?

A

X = actin

Globular head domain

49
Q

In actomyosin contraction, the myosin functions as (monomer/dimer/trimer/other).

A

Form bipolar filaments, with globular heads on opposite sides.

50
Q

Myosin moves toward (X) end of (Y) during actomyosin contraction

A 
X = plus
Y = actin filaments
51
Q

In locomotion, which part(s) of cell body movement require(s) ATP?

A

Hydrolysis of 1 ATP required for myosin conformational change that moves protein along actin filaments

52
Q

When molecular clutch (engaged/disengaged), actin cytoskeleton is anchored to (X).

A

Engaged;

X = ECM

53
Q

Integrins serve which function(s)?

A
  1. Sites of adhesion for actin cytoskeleton

2. Signaling centers (regulate Rho GTPases)

CFoM (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions