Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CFoM > 03a: Hematopoiesis > Flashcards

03a: Hematopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

Marrow contains (stromal/parenchymal) elements.

A

Both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

(X) marrow is hematopoietically active and predominant in children under the age of (Y).

A 
X = red
Y = 4
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

T/F: After reaching a certain age, red marrow is completely replaced by adipocytes.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Yellow marrow is primarily made up of:

A

Adipocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In adults, (X) marrow is confined to:

A

X = red

  1. Ends of long bones
  2. Middle of some flat bones
  3. Axial skeleton
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

T/F: Conversion between red and yellow marrow is dynamic, not irreversible.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Most prevalent cells in adult bone marrow:

A

Stromal cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Stroma SC is (X).

A

X = Mesenchymal SC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Stroma is referred to as (X) tissue. Give specific examples (in marrow).

A

X = supporting

Adipocytes, reticular cells, connective tissue, blood supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What’s parenchyma? Give specific examples (in marrow).

A

The functional tissue of an organ;

In marrow, it’s the developing blood cells (hematopoietic islands)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Parenchyma SC is (X).

A

X = Hematopoietic SC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Marrow stromal cells function to:

A

Regulate and support hematopoiesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

List the general successive stages of differentiation in cell lines.

A

Stem cell to Progenitor to Precursor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Least prevalent cells in marrow:

A

Stem cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Stem cells are capable of which divisions/differentiations?

A
  1. Renew themselves (divide)

2. Totipotency (differentiate into any cell)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

PHSC, aka (X), can become:

A

X = Pluripotential Hematopoietic SC

  1. CMP (Common myeloid progenitor)
  2. CLP (Common lymphoid progenitor)
  3. Another PHSC
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

PHSC are (X)% of nucleated cells in marrow.

A

X = less than 0.01

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

T/F: Finding any type of SC in blood is problematic.

A

False - PHSC can be found in circulating blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Progenitors are capable of which divisions/differentiations?

A
  1. Renew themselves

2. Restricted differentiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

CLP will eventually give rise to which cell(s)?

A

T or B lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

CMP gives rise to a variety of CFUs. What are CFUs?

A

Also Progenitors (but more specialized/restricted)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Precursors are capable of which divisions/differentiations?

A

Can ONLY generate daughters that are more differentiated than themselves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The suffix “blast” is designated for:

A

First precursor cell in each lineage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Myeloblasts are (X) and will ultimately form:

A

X = precursors

Granulocytes

25
Q

Proerythroblasts are (X) and will ultimately form:

A

X = precursors

Erythrocytes

26
Q

(Presence/absence) of CD marker is helpful in:

A

Either presence of absence; identifying certain differentiating cell

27
Q

T/F: all cells, upon further differentiation, will stop expressing a CD marker they may have expressed before.

A

False - some stop expressing an old CD market, but others will continue expressing it

28
Q

T/F: CD molecules are functionally significant to cell.

A

True

29
Q

Erythropoiesis is regulated by substances present in (X) cells. List them.

A

X = stromal

  1. GCSF
  2. SCF
  3. IL3
  4. EPO (erythropoietin)
30
Q

EPO is regulated by:

A
  1. Oxygen levels
  2. Renin-Angiotensin system
  3. Other hormones (like insulin)
31
Q

List the progenitors involved in erythropoiesis.

A
  1. CMP
  2. BFU-E
  3. CFU-E
32
Q

Which RBC progenitor is most reliant on EPO?

A

CFU-E

33
Q

A progenitor cell, such as (X) in RBC cell line, can be normally found in peripheral blood. Which characteristic must it have?

A

X = BFU-E

It’s motile

34
Q

The normoblasts are:

A

The precursors of erythrocytes

35
Q

Reticulocytes leave the marrow by passing through:

A

Piercing through endothelial cells

36
Q

T/F: Aside from nucleus, ribosomes are the only organelles found in a developing RBC.

A

False - also have mitochondria and ER

37
Q

T/F: when the reticulocyte leaves the marrow, it has not finished Hb production.

A

True

38
Q

T/F: when the reticulocyte leaves the marrow, it has formed the biconcave shape.

A

False - shape is formed within the circulation

39
Q

Granulocytes leave the marrow as:

A

Either band cells or the mature forms

40
Q

Band cells are present in peripheral blood at about (X)%

A

X = 3

41
Q

“Myeloid” pertains to which cell(s)?

A

All WBC except lymphocytes

42
Q

(X) granules are the first to form in neutrophil.

A

X = azuriphilic (aka primary)

43
Q

Megakaryocytes normally reside in peripheral blood at about (X)%

A

X = 0

Shouldn’t be in peripheral blood! (Reside exclusively in the marrow)

44
Q

Megakaryocytes release (mature/immature) (X) into the (Y).

A

Immature;
X = platelets
Y = marrow sinus

45
Q

T/F: platelets mature in marrow and then enter circulation.

A

False - fully mature in circulation

46
Q

Megakaryocytes are (X)ploid cells because they undergo (Y) division.

A 
X = poly
Y = endomitotic
47
Q

(X) number of platelets produced per megakaryocyte

A

X = about 8000

48
Q

T/F: cytokines are manufactured signaling molecules for cells.

A

False - they’re natural signaling molecules

49
Q

How are cytokines being used as exogenous drugs?

A

Any given cytokine can be used to facilitate/repress lineage(s) of cells

50
Q

Physiological definition of anemia

A

Reduction in oxygen carrying capacity of blood

51
Q

List causes of anemia

A
  1. Blood loss (trauma, genetic)
  2. Kidney disease
  3. Bone marrow cancer
52
Q

Too many RBC is a condition called (X) and can cause (Y). How?

A 
X = polycythemia
Y = anemia

Blood too viscous

53
Q

Which organ(s) responsible for EPO?

A

Kidney and liver

54
Q

Do sickle cell anemia patients have too many or too few RBC?

A

Have normal amount, but deformed shape

55
Q

What’s the general definition of leukemia?

A

“Cancer of the blood” - abnormal proliferation of leukocytes

56
Q

What are some signs of acute leukemia in blood smear?

A
  1. Too few mature WBC

2. Bone marrow cells seen

57
Q

T/F: in acute leukemia, the immature blood cells in the marrow stop diving/replicating.

A

False - rapidly replicate, but don’t differentiate

58
Q

Where do T-lymphocytes mature?

A

Thymus (after release from marrow)

59
Q

The mature (X) WBC is a macrophage. When does full maturation take place?

A

X = monocyte

After cell leaves blood

CFoM (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions