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CFoM > 02a: Fluids and Transport > Flashcards

02a: Fluids and Transport Flashcards

1
Q

TBW stands for (X) and is (Y)% BW.

A 
X = Total body water
Y = 60
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2
Q

TBW can be divided into (X) and (Y).

A 
X = ECF
Y = ICF
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3
Q

ECF is (X)% of (Y) and (Z)% of BW.

A 
X = 33
Y = TBW
Z = 20
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4
Q

ICF is (X)% of (Y) and (Z)% of BW.

A 
X = 67
Y = TBW
Z = 40
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5
Q

Fluid in circulatory system is called (X). Amount of fluid is (Y)% of (Z).

A 
X = plasma
Y = 20
Z = ECF
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6
Q

Interstitial fluid is (X)% of (Y).

A 
X = 80
Y = ECF
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7
Q

Osmolality of intracellular water is about (X). And of extracellular water is about (Y).

A

X = Y = 300 mOsmol/L H20

Same in all compartments!

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8
Q

Osmolality is a measure of:

A

Solute (salt/ion) per kg solvent

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9
Q

Normal Na concentration in ECF and ICF.

A

ECF: 140 mEq/L H20
ICF: 12 mEq/L H20

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10
Q

Normal K concentration in ECF and ICF.

A

ECF: 4 mEq/L H20
ICF: 150 mEq/L H20

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11
Q

Normal Ca concentration in ECF and ICF.

A

ECF: 2 mEq/L H20
ICF: .00010 mEq/L H20

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12
Q

Normal HCO3 concentration in ECF and ICF.

A

ECF: 24 mEq/L H20
ICF: 10 mEq/L H20

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13
Q

Normal protein concentration in ECF and ICF.

A

ECF: 16 mEq/L H20
ICF: 60 mEq/L H20

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14
Q

In which specific compartments in ECF can proteins be found?

A

Plasma; very very little in interstitial fluid

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15
Q

The (X) and (Y) of ECF are separated by (Z) membrane. Speak to its permeability.

A 
X = plasma
Y = interstitia
Z = endothelium

Very permeable

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16
Q

ECF and ICF separated by (X). Speak to its permeability.

A

X = plasma membrane

Selective permability

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17
Q

Macroscopic electroneutrality states:

A

In each compartment, positive charges equal the negative charges on a macroscopic level

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18
Q

Permeability equation

A

P = (D)(beta)/(deltaX)

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19
Q

Which characteristic(s) of solute affect permeability?

A
  1. Size (smaller MW, larger diffusion coefficient)

2. Its solubility in lipids (more soluble, larger partition coefficient)

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20
Q

How is the partition coefficient calculated?

A

Concentration of solute in lipid/Concentration of solute in water

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21
Q

Net flux equation.

A

J = P(C1-C2)

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22
Q

Net flux equation.

A

J = P(C1-C2)

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23
Q

Which type of molecules can pass through PM via simple diffusion?

A
  1. Hydrophobic molecules

2. Small, uncharged, polar molecules

24
Q

List some ions that can pass PM via simple diffusion.

25
List some small, polar molecules that can pass PM via simple diffusion.
Water, urea, glycerol, CO2
26
O2 (can/can't) pass PM via simple diffusion, because it is what type of molecule?
Can; hydrophobic
27
N2 (can/can't) pass PM via simple diffusion, because it is what type of molecule?
Can; hydrophobic
28
Benzene (can/can't) pass PM via simple diffusion, because it is what type of molecule?
Can; hydrophobic
29
The electrochemical potential takes into account:
1. Concentration differences | 2. Membrane potential
30
What's the typical membrane potential of a cell?
-60 mV (more negative inside)
31
Under what conditions is an ion said to be in electrochemical equilibrium?
When the chemical and electrical gradients are equal in magnitude
32
Define the equilibrium potential.
The membrane potential that is established at equilibrium for an ion under the existing concentration gradient.
33
The Nernst equation exists to allow for the calculation of:
the equilibrium potential (Ei)
34
The net driving force equation (taking into account equilibrium potential):
Vm - Ei
35
What are the requirements to establish Gibbs-Donan Equilibrium?
1. Macroscopic electroneutrality 2. Concentration of permeant cations must be greater (and permeant anions less) on side with protein (electrical potential negative on side with protein) 3. Osmolality greater on side with protein
36
Is flux affected by transport proteins? How/why or why not?
Yes; permeability factor in determining flux is altered by proteins
37
Which key things differ between channels and carriers?
1. Translocation rate | 2. Accessibility of binding sites
38
(Carriers/channels) have selectivity filter. Provide example.
Channels; carboxyl ions in K channel act as selectivity filter
39
List different types of gating in channel proteins.
1. Voltage-gated 2. Ligand-gated 3. Stretch-activated 4. Leak (spontaneous)
40
Channels are accessible form (intra/extra)-cellular side.
Both
41
T/F: One difference between channels and carriers is that, unlike carriers, net flux is always downhill in channels.
False - facilitated diffusion by carrier proteins is also always downhill flux
42
(Intra/extra)-cellular side of carrier protein has greater affinity for substrate.
Both sides have same affinity!
43
P-Type ATPases rely on (primary/secondary) active transport. Give examples.
Primary (phosphorylation); 1. Ca-ATPase 2. Na/K Pump 3. H-ATPase
44
Ca-ATPase is responsible for:
High extracellular Ca concentrations
45
Describe movement of ions by Na/K pump.
2 K ions pumped into cell; 3 Na ions pumped out
46
H-ATPase responsible for:
pH maintenance
47
ABC transporters rely on (X) to function. Give examples of these transporters.
X = ATP 1. MDR1 2. CFTR
48
What's MDR1?
Multi-drug resistant ABC Transporter; pumps drugs out of cell
49
What's CFTR?
CF transmembrane regulatory; a Cl channel that opens upon binding ATP
50
Give example of secondary active transport.
Na/glucose cotransport
51
In the Na/glucose cotransport model, Na moves (uphill/downhill).
Downhill
52
Define osmotic pressure.
Pressure required to prevent fluid movement into compartment, if concentration gradient exists.
53
Osmotic pressure equation.
P = (sigma)RT(Cs)
54
In osmotic pressure equation, what does sigma represent?
Reflection coefficient (how permeable is the solute)
55
A solute as permeable as water will have a reflection coefficient value of:
0
56
A completely impermeable solute will have reflection coefficient value of:
1
57
What is responsible for oncotic pressure
The proteins present in plasma (and not in interstitia)

CFoM (18 decks)

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