04b: Epithelial Tissues

Question 1

Epithelia form (X)-parallel sheets. What does that mean?

Answer 1

X = surface

Epithelium located on free surface. And connective tissue underlies it

Question 2

Epithelia (sheets/cells) are (unpolarized/polarized).

Answer 2

Both sheets and cells

Question 3

T/F: All sides of epithelial cells have the same function.

Answer 3

False - hence, polarization of cells/sheets

Question 4

T/F: Epithelia are avascular.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Epithelia are (static/dynamic) in the sense that:

Answer 5

Dynamic - rapid turnover

Question 6

The “free” surface of epithelial sheet is called (X).

Answer 6

X = luminal surface

Question 7

The “attached” surface of epithelial sheet is called (X).

Answer 7

X = abluminal surface

Question 8

The surface of epithelial cell facing the lumen is called (X).

Answer 8

X = apical surface

Question 9

The surface of epithelial cell facing adjacent epithelial cell is called (X).

Answer 9

X = lateral surface

Question 10

The surface of epithelial cell facing the underlying (X) is called (Y).

Answer 10

X = basement membrane
Y = basal surface

Question 11

What’s the basal lamina?

Answer 11

Layer of ECM secreted by the epithelial cells, on which the epithelium sits.

Question 12

(X) provides vascular support for epithelium.

Answer 12

X = vessels in connective tissue

Question 13

On which surface of epithelial cell does turnover occur?

Answer 13

On basal surface (side of basement membrane)

Question 14

Give example of epithelial cells with steady-state proliferation.

Answer 14

Gut and skin

Question 15

Give example of epithelial cells with no renewal/proliferation.

Answer 15

Core of lens of eye

Question 16

Give example of epithelial cells with conditional proliferation.

Answer 16

Liver

Question 17

Condition in which epithelia produce specialized progeny that’s normal, but not typically found in that location.

Answer 17

Metaplasia

Question 18

Condition in which epithelia differentiate abnormally, resulting in altered (X).

Answer 18

X = size, shape, and organization

Dysplasia

Question 19

Condition in which cell proliferation is not controlled, resulting in abnormal mass (benign or malignant).

Answer 19

Neoplasia

Question 20

A mass is considered malignant once it:

Answer 20

breaks through basement membrane

Question 21

(X) tissues are the most common sources of cancers in adults.

Answer 21

X = epithelial

Question 22

Carcinoma is:

Answer 22

malignant tumor of epithelial cells

Question 23

Neoplasias are (benign/malignant).

Answer 23

Could be either

Question 24

(Ectoderm/mesoderm/endoderm) gives rise to mesenchymal cells.

Answer 24

Mesoderm

Question 25

(Ectoderm/mesoderm/endoderm) gives rise to epidermis.

Answer 25

Ectoderm

Question 26

(Ectoderm/mesoderm/endoderm) gives rise to oral/anal cavities.

Answer 26

Ectoderm

Question 27

(Ectoderm/mesoderm/endoderm) gives rise to lining of internal cavities.

Answer 27

Mesoderm

Question 28

Subcategories of epithelial tissues.

Answer 28

Glandular or membranous

Question 29

Subcategories of membranous epithelial tissues.

Answer 29

Simple, stratified, other

Question 30

Subcategories of "other" membranous epithelial tissues.

Answer 30

Pseudostratified or transitional

Question 31

Ciliated epithelia with sterocilia falls under which specific category of epithelial cells?

Answer 31

Pseudostratified

Question 32

Transitional epithelium can be further classified as:

Answer 32

Relaxed or stretched

Question 33

Keratinized epithelium falls under which specific category of epithelial cells?

Answer 33

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 34

Endothelium and mesothelium fall under which specific category of epithelial cells?

Answer 34

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 35

List functions of epithelium

Answer 35

1. Protection 2. Secretion 3. Absorption 4. Transcellular transport 5. Selective barrier 6. Transport parallel to epithelial surface 7. Sensory 8. Contraction

Question 36

Epithelia protect (X) from:

Answer 36

X = underlying tissues Abrasive forces, dehydration, chemical damage

Question 37

Long, branched microvilli, called (X), indicate epithelia that functions in (Y).

Answer 37

``` X = stereocilia Y = absorption ```

Question 38

What's the key difference between absorption and transcellular transport?

Answer 38

Transcellular transport: material is passed across membrane, but not modified within epithelium

Question 39

T/F: Presence of stereocilia indicate the epithelium is actively used for transcellular transport.

Answer 39

False - for absorption

Question 40

Describe the way epithelia involved in transcellular transport might look under microscope.

Answer 40

Some vesicles open up onto apical or basal side

Question 41

Ciliated epithelium has which primary function?

Answer 41

Move material along surface of epithelium

Question 42

Epithelia specialized in contraction have (X) cells surround (Y) cells/ducts of glands.

Answer 42

``` X = myoepithelial Y = clustered, secretory ```

Question 43

Myoepithelial cells can be seen under microscope. Which part is stained?

Answer 43

Actin filaments

Question 44

What's one way to recognize pseudostratified epithelium on slide?

Answer 44

Has cilia or stereocilia

Question 45

Basal lamina consists of which components?

Answer 45

1. Lamina lucida (electron Lucent) | 2. Lamina densa (electron dense)

Question 46

T/F: structural organization of cytoskeleton is same in microvilli and stereocilia.

Answer 46

True

Question 47

T/F: structural organization of cytoskeleton is same in cilia and stereocilia.

Answer 47

False

Question 48

T/F: structural organization of cytoskeleton is same in cilia and flagella.

Answer 48

True