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Board Study Topics > 00 Vaccines > Flashcards

00 Vaccines Flashcards

1
Q

What are two conditions that are absolute contraindications to vaccination with live vaccines?

A

Pregnancy and immunosuppression

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2
Q

When are live vaccines contraindicated in HIV patients?

A

When their CD4 T-Lymphocyte counts < 200

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3
Q

What vaccines should be given to all pregnant women?

A

Influenza (inactivated shot, NOT the live one). Tdap with each pregnancy (optimum time between weeks 27 and 36)

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4
Q

Which type of vaccine has no “booster” effect, requiring a re-vaccination?

A

Polysaccharide Vaccines (T-cell independent immunity, stimulate B cells without assistance of T helper cells). Immunity is short lived

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5
Q

What is the minimal spacing interval required for two inactivated vaccines?

A

No minimum

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6
Q

What is the minimal spacing interval required for Inactivated and Live vaccines?

A

No minimum

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7
Q

What is the minimal spacing interval required for Two live vaccines, if not simultaneous?

A

28-day minimum interval

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8
Q

What is the minimal spacing interval required for Inactivated vaccines and antibodies?

A

No minimum

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9
Q

What is the minimal spacing interval required for Live vaccines followed by blood products (antibodies)?

A

2 weeks

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10
Q

What is the minimal spacing interval required for Blood product given before live vaccine?

A

Varies, ~3 months

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11
Q

What is the minimal spacing interval required for Live vaccine followed by PPD skin test?

A

28-day minimum interval

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12
Q

What is the minimal spacing interval required for PPD skin test followed by live vaccine?

A

48 hours after PPD placement

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13
Q

What vaccines might be of concern with an allergy to Egg Protein?

A

Influenza, Yellow fever

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14
Q

What vaccines might be of concern with an allergy to Neomycin?

A

IPV, MMR, Varicella, Zoster

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15
Q

What are the Live Vaccines?

A

Herpes Zoster, Live attenuated influenza, Measles/Mumps/Rubella (MMR), Rotavirus, Typhoid (oral caps), Varicella, Yellow fever

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16
Q

What route are Live Vaccines given?

A

Always SC (unless LAIV (IN) or Rotavirus and Typhoid which are oral)

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17
Q

What is RIV3?

A

Recombinant Hemagglutinin Influenza Vaccine (not grown in eggs)

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18
Q

When is the influenza vaccine indicated?

A

Annual vaccination for all persons 6+ months of age. LAIV is only indicated in health, non-pregnancy persons aged 2-49 years

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19
Q

What is the generic name of FluMist?

A

LAIV

20
Q

What is the generic name of Fluzone?

A

Inactivated Influenza Vaccine (IIV)

21
Q

What is the generic name of FluBlok?

A

RIV (egg-free)

22
Q

When is DTaP indicated?

A

5 dose series: 2, 4, 6, 15-18 months and 4-6 years

23
Q

When is Tdap indicated?

A

1 dose at age 11-12 years. All adults, including persons aged 65 years and older, who have not previously received Tdap or for whom vaccine status is unknown

24
Q

When is Td booster indicated?

A

Every 10 years in adults aged > 19 years (substitute with 1 time dose of Tdap)

25
Q

When is MMR indicated?

A

2 doses: 1st at age 12-15 months, 2nd at age 4-6 years (may be given before age 4, if at least 4 weeks after 1st dose)

26
Q

When is the routine vaccination for pneumococcal (PCV13 - child/adolescent form) indicated?

A

At age 2, 4, 6, and 12-15 months. Children aged 14-59 months if received age-appropriate series of PCV7, administer single supplemental dose of PCV13

27
Q

When is the routine vaccination for pneumococcal (PCV23 - adult form) indicated?

A

All adults 65+ years (at least 5 years after last dose). All adults < 65 years w/ high-risk indications (cardio, pulmonary, endocrine, immunocompromised). Asplenia/immunocompromise require one-time vaccination after 5 years. A single dose of PCV13 also indicated for high risk (HIV) patients aged 19+ years

28
Q

When is the Meningococcal vaccine indicated?

A

1 dose for 11-12 years, with one booster dose at age 16-18 years. Only 1 dose at 13-18 years if didn’t get one at 11-12 years

29
Q

What is the generic name of Prevnar 13?

A

13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). Minimum age at 6 weeks

30
Q

What is the generic name of Pneumovax 23?

A

23-serotype polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) for pneumococcal. Minimum age at 2 years

31
Q

When is the Hepatitis A vaccine indicated?

A

2 dose series for children 12-23 months separated by 6-18 months

32
Q

What is the generic name of Havrix?

A

Hepatitis A vaccine

33
Q

What is the generic name of Vaqta?

A

Hepatitis A vaccine

34
Q

What is the generic name of Engerix-B?

A

Hepatitis B vaccine

35
Q

What is the generic name of Recombivax HB?

A

Hepatitis B vaccine

36
Q

What is the generic name of Twinrix?

A

Hepatitis A & B vaccine. Needs 3 doses instead of 2

37
Q

When is the Hepatitis B vaccine indicated?

A

3 dose series at age 0, 1-2 and 6-18 months. Administer to ALL newborns AT BIRTH before hospital discharge

38
Q

What is the generic name of Varivax?

A

Varicella containing vaccine for chickenpox

39
Q

When is Varivax (chickenpox) vaccine indicated?

A

All children aged 12-15 months, 2nd dose at 4-6 years. Even at age 50 years, give Varivax if person has never had chickenpox

40
Q

When is Zostavax indicated?

A

All adults 60+ years (FDA approved for 50+ years)

41
Q

How must the herpes vaccines (Zostavax and Viravax) be stored?

A

In freezer and protect from light

42
Q

What is the generic name of Ceravix?

A

HPV2 (only for females)

43
Q

What is the generic name of Gardasil?

A

HPV4 (can be used in both men and women)

44
Q

When is the HPV vaccine indicated?

A

3 dose series between the age of 11-12 years, with catch-up vaccination at age 13-26 years. Vaccination can begin at age 9 years and ideally prior to sexual activity

45
Q

When is the Rotavirus vaccine (RV1 or RV5) indicated?

A

All infants aged 6+ weeks. DO NOT initiate vaccination if 15+ weeks (most likely already had it by then)

46
Q

When is the Haemophilus Influenzae Type B vaccine (Hib conjugate vaccine) indicated?

A

Primary series for all infants aged 2, 4 & 6 months. Booster dose for all infants at age 12-15 months. Given in adults w/o spleen

47
Q

When is the poliomyelitis vaccine indicated?

A

IPV series at ages 2, 4, 6-18 months. Booster at age 4-6 years

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