00 Vaccines Flashcards
What are two conditions that are absolute contraindications to vaccination with live vaccines?
Pregnancy and immunosuppression
When are live vaccines contraindicated in HIV patients?
When their CD4 T-Lymphocyte counts < 200
What vaccines should be given to all pregnant women?
Influenza (inactivated shot, NOT the live one). Tdap with each pregnancy (optimum time between weeks 27 and 36)
Which type of vaccine has no “booster” effect, requiring a re-vaccination?
Polysaccharide Vaccines (T-cell independent immunity, stimulate B cells without assistance of T helper cells). Immunity is short lived
What is the minimal spacing interval required for two inactivated vaccines?
No minimum
What is the minimal spacing interval required for Inactivated and Live vaccines?
No minimum
What is the minimal spacing interval required for Two live vaccines, if not simultaneous?
28-day minimum interval
What is the minimal spacing interval required for Inactivated vaccines and antibodies?
No minimum
What is the minimal spacing interval required for Live vaccines followed by blood products (antibodies)?
2 weeks
What is the minimal spacing interval required for Blood product given before live vaccine?
Varies, ~3 months
What is the minimal spacing interval required for Live vaccine followed by PPD skin test?
28-day minimum interval
What is the minimal spacing interval required for PPD skin test followed by live vaccine?
48 hours after PPD placement
What vaccines might be of concern with an allergy to Egg Protein?
Influenza, Yellow fever
What vaccines might be of concern with an allergy to Neomycin?
IPV, MMR, Varicella, Zoster
What are the Live Vaccines?
Herpes Zoster, Live attenuated influenza, Measles/Mumps/Rubella (MMR), Rotavirus, Typhoid (oral caps), Varicella, Yellow fever
What route are Live Vaccines given?
Always SC (unless LAIV (IN) or Rotavirus and Typhoid which are oral)
What is RIV3?
Recombinant Hemagglutinin Influenza Vaccine (not grown in eggs)
When is the influenza vaccine indicated?
Annual vaccination for all persons 6+ months of age. LAIV is only indicated in health, non-pregnancy persons aged 2-49 years
What is the generic name of FluMist?
LAIV
What is the generic name of Fluzone?
Inactivated Influenza Vaccine (IIV)
What is the generic name of FluBlok?
RIV (egg-free)
When is DTaP indicated?
5 dose series: 2, 4, 6, 15-18 months and 4-6 years
When is Tdap indicated?
1 dose at age 11-12 years. All adults, including persons aged 65 years and older, who have not previously received Tdap or for whom vaccine status is unknown
When is Td booster indicated?
Every 10 years in adults aged > 19 years (substitute with 1 time dose of Tdap)
When is MMR indicated?
2 doses: 1st at age 12-15 months, 2nd at age 4-6 years (may be given before age 4, if at least 4 weeks after 1st dose)
When is the routine vaccination for pneumococcal (PCV13 - child/adolescent form) indicated?
At age 2, 4, 6, and 12-15 months. Children aged 14-59 months if received age-appropriate series of PCV7, administer single supplemental dose of PCV13
When is the routine vaccination for pneumococcal (PCV23 - adult form) indicated?
All adults 65+ years (at least 5 years after last dose). All adults < 65 years w/ high-risk indications (cardio, pulmonary, endocrine, immunocompromised). Asplenia/immunocompromise require one-time vaccination after 5 years. A single dose of PCV13 also indicated for high risk (HIV) patients aged 19+ years
When is the Meningococcal vaccine indicated?
1 dose for 11-12 years, with one booster dose at age 16-18 years. Only 1 dose at 13-18 years if didn’t get one at 11-12 years
What is the generic name of Prevnar 13?
13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). Minimum age at 6 weeks
What is the generic name of Pneumovax 23?
23-serotype polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) for pneumococcal. Minimum age at 2 years
When is the Hepatitis A vaccine indicated?
2 dose series for children 12-23 months separated by 6-18 months
What is the generic name of Havrix?
Hepatitis A vaccine
What is the generic name of Vaqta?
Hepatitis A vaccine
What is the generic name of Engerix-B?
Hepatitis B vaccine
What is the generic name of Recombivax HB?
Hepatitis B vaccine
What is the generic name of Twinrix?
Hepatitis A & B vaccine. Needs 3 doses instead of 2
When is the Hepatitis B vaccine indicated?
3 dose series at age 0, 1-2 and 6-18 months. Administer to ALL newborns AT BIRTH before hospital discharge
What is the generic name of Varivax?
Varicella containing vaccine for chickenpox
When is Varivax (chickenpox) vaccine indicated?
All children aged 12-15 months, 2nd dose at 4-6 years. Even at age 50 years, give Varivax if person has never had chickenpox
When is Zostavax indicated?
All adults 60+ years (FDA approved for 50+ years)
How must the herpes vaccines (Zostavax and Viravax) be stored?
In freezer and protect from light
What is the generic name of Ceravix?
HPV2 (only for females)
What is the generic name of Gardasil?
HPV4 (can be used in both men and women)
When is the HPV vaccine indicated?
3 dose series between the age of 11-12 years, with catch-up vaccination at age 13-26 years. Vaccination can begin at age 9 years and ideally prior to sexual activity
When is the Rotavirus vaccine (RV1 or RV5) indicated?
All infants aged 6+ weeks. DO NOT initiate vaccination if 15+ weeks (most likely already had it by then)
When is the Haemophilus Influenzae Type B vaccine (Hib conjugate vaccine) indicated?
Primary series for all infants aged 2, 4 & 6 months. Booster dose for all infants at age 12-15 months. Given in adults w/o spleen
When is the poliomyelitis vaccine indicated?
IPV series at ages 2, 4, 6-18 months. Booster at age 4-6 years
