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Board Study Topics > 00 Antibiotics > Flashcards

00 Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the generic name of Amoxil?

A

Amoxicillin (Aminopenicillin)

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2
Q

What is the generic name of Augmentin?

A

Amoxicillin + Clavulanate (Aminopenicillin)

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3
Q

What is the generic name of Amoclan?

A

Amoxicillin + Clavulanate (Aminopenicilln)

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4
Q

What is the generic name of Unasyn?

A

Ampicillin + Sulbactam (Aminopenicillin)

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5
Q

What is the generic name of Pen VK?

A

Penicillin (Natural penicillin)

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6
Q

What is the generic name of Bicillin L-A?

A

Penicillin G Benzathine (Natural penicillin)

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7
Q

What is the generic name of Zosyn?

A

Piperacillin + Tazobactam (Ureidopenicillin)

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8
Q

What class of medication is Nafcillin?

A

Penicillin

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9
Q

What class of medication is Gentamicin?

A

Aminoglycoside

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10
Q

What class of medication is Tobramycin?

A

Aminoglycoside

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11
Q

What class of medication is Amikacin?

A

Aminoglycoside

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12
Q

What is the generic name of Kefzol?

A

Cefazolin (1st gen ceph)

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13
Q

What is the generic name of Keflex?

A

Cephalexin (1st gen ceph)

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14
Q

What is the generic name of Ceftin?

A

Cefuroxime (2nd gen ceph)

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15
Q

What is the generic name of Zinacef?

A

Cefuroxime (2nd gen ceph)

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16
Q

What class of medication is Cefotetan?

A

2nd gen ceph

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17
Q

What class of medication is Cefoxitin?

A

2nd gen ceph

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18
Q

What is the generic name of Fortaz?

A

Ceftazidime (3rd gen ceph)

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19
Q

What is the generic name of Tazicef?

A

Ceftazidime (3rd gen ceph)

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20
Q

What is the generic name of Rocephin?

A

Ceftriaxone (3rd gen ceph0

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21
Q

What class of medication if Cefdinir?

A

3rd gen ceph

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22
Q

What is the generic name of Maxipime?

A

Cefepime (4th gen ceph)

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23
Q

What is the generic name of Teflaro?

A

Ceftaroline (5th gen ceph)

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24
Q

What is the generic name of Primaxin?

A

Imipenem/Cilastatin (Carbapenem)

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25
Q

What is the generic name of Merrem?

A

Meropenem (Carbapenem)

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26
Q

What is the generic name of Invanz?

A

Ertapenem (Carbapenem)

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27
Q

What is the generic name of Doribax?

A

Doripenem (Carbapenem)

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28
Q

What class of medication is Ofloxacin?

A

FQ

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29
Q

What is the generic name of Cipro?

A

Ciprofloxacin (FQ)

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30
Q

What is the generic name of Levaquin?

A

Levofloxacin (FQ)

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31
Q

What is the generic name of Avelox?

A

Moxifloxacin (FQ)

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32
Q

What is the generic name of Zithromax or Z-pak?

A

Azithromycin (Macrolide)

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33
Q

What is the generic name of Biaxin?

A

Clarithromycin (Macrolide)

34
Q

What is the generic name of Ery-tab, EryPed?

A

Erythromycin (Macrolide)

35
Q

What class of medication is Doxycycline?

A

Tetracycline

36
Q

What class of medication is Minocycline?

A

Tetracycline

37
Q

What is the generic name of Septra?

A

SMX/TMP (Sulfonamide)

38
Q

What is the generic name of Sulfatrim?

A

SMX/TMP (Sulfonamide)0

39
Q

What is the generic name of Vancocin?

A

Vancomycin

40
Q

What is the generic name of Zyvox?

A

Linezolid

41
Q

What is the generic name of Synercid?

A

Quinupristin/Dalfopristin

42
Q

What is the generic name of Cubicin?

A

Daptomycin

43
Q

What is the generic name of Azactam?

A

Aztreonam

44
Q

What is the generic name of Colistin?

A

Colistamethate

45
Q

What is the generic name of Tygacil?

A

Tigecycline

46
Q

What is the generic name of Cleocin?

A

Clindamycin

47
Q

What is the generic name of Flagyl?

A

Metronidazole

48
Q

What is the generic name of Xifaxan?

A

Rifaximin

49
Q

What is the generic name of Macrobid?

A

Nitrofurantoin

50
Q

What is the generic name of Furadantin?

A

Nitrofurantoin

51
Q

What is the generic name of Macrodantin?

A

Nitrofurantoin

52
Q

What is the generic name of Dificid?

A

Fidaxomicin

53
Q

What is the first agent used for skin and skin structure infections caused by CA-MRSA?

A

SMX-TMP (Bactrim DS) 1-2 DS tabs Q12h

54
Q

What is the first agent used to treat Nosocomial-Associated MRSA?

A

Vancomycin

55
Q

What is the first agent used to treat VRE faecalis?

A

Pen G or Ampicillin

56
Q

What is the first agent used to treat VRE faecium?

A

Daptomycin

57
Q

What is the first agent used to treat Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase producuding Enteric Gram-negative Rods (PEK)

A

Carbapenems

58
Q

What is the first agent used to treat Acinetobacter baumannii?

A

Carbapenems

59
Q

What are the more hepatotoxic antibiotics?

A

Rifampin. Macrolides (not as bad)

60
Q

What are the most nephrotoxic antibiotics?

A

Aminoglycosides. Colistin

61
Q

Which antibiotics can cause QT prolongation?

A

Macrolides. Quinolones. SMX/TMP

62
Q

In general, what are the drugs of choice for most procedures?

A

1st or 2nd gen cephs (cefazolin/cefuroxime). In PCN-allergic patients, a suitable alternative is vancomycin (given 2 hours prior to surgical incision)

63
Q

What is usually given for surgeries that involve parts of the bowel or put patients at risk of an anaerobic infection?

A

Commonly use antibiotics with broader coverage such as Cefotetan, Ertapenem, or Ceftriaxone with Metronidazole

64
Q

What are the side effects associated with Aminoglycosides?

A

Nephrotoxicity (acute tubular necrosis - ATN), Hearing loss (early toxicity associated with high pitched sounds)

65
Q

What are the BBWs associated with Aminoglycosides?

A

Neurotoxicity (hearing loss), Nephrotoxicity

66
Q

What class side effect of Carbapenems should you keep an eye out for?

A

Seizures

67
Q

What is the BBW associated with Fluoroquinolones?

A

Tendon inflammation and/or rupture

68
Q

What are the warnings associated with Fluoroquinolones?

A

QT prolongation. Peripheral neuropathy. CNS effects (seizures may occur). Hypoglycemia. Photosensitivity

69
Q

What are the common side effects seen with Fluoroquinolones?

A

GI upset/diarrhea

70
Q

What are the warnings associated with Macrolides?

A

QT prolongation. Hepatotoxicity

71
Q

Whats a common side effect seen with Tetracyclines?

A

Photosensitivity

72
Q

Whats important to remember about Doxycycline IV?

A

IV to PO ratio is 1:1. IV should be protected from light

73
Q

What are the side effects commonly seen with sulfonamide drugs (Bactrim)?

A

GI upset, skin reactions, crystalluria, photosensitivity, hyperkalemia, hypoglycemia

74
Q

Whats important to know about the IV and PO ratio of Bactrim?

A

1:1 ratio

75
Q

What side effects are commonly seen with Vancomycin?

A

Infusion reaction/red man syndrome. Nephrotoxicity

76
Q

When is Zyvox (Linezolid) contraindicated?

A

Concurrent use or within 2 weeks of MAOIs

77
Q

What side effects are commonly seen with Synercid (Quinupristin/Dalfopristin)?

A

Arthralgias/myalgias, infusion reactions, including edema and pain at infusion site, phlebitis, hyperbilirubinemia

78
Q

What are the BBWs with Vibativ (Telavancin)?

A

Nephrotoxicity. Warning: Prolongs QT interval, red man syndrome

79
Q

What is a BBW with Tygacil (Tigecycline)?

A

Increased risk of death, should only be used in situations when alternative treatments are not suitable

80
Q

What is a BBW with Cleocin (Clindamycin)?

A

Can cause severe and possibly fatal colitis

81
Q

What is a contraindication for Flagyl (Metronidazole) use?

A

Use of alcohol during therapy or within 3 days of therapy discontinuation

82
Q

What are some common antibiotics that require refrigeration?

A

Amox/Clav (Augmentin), Cefprozil, Cefuroxime (Ceftin), Cephalexin (Keflex), Pen VK

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