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Board Study Topics > 00 Topicals/Ophthalmics > Flashcards

00 Topicals/Ophthalmics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 commonly seen ingredients for lubricant eye drops?

A

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, Carboxymethylcellulose, Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)

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2
Q

What are some examples of Antihistamine/Mast Cell Stabilizer eye drops?

A

Patanol, Pataday

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3
Q

What type of eye drop is Crolom?

A

Cromolyn - Mast Cell Stabilizer

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4
Q

What are the 4 decongestants available Non-Rx as eye drops?

A

Phenylephrine, Naphazoline, Tetrahydrozoline, Oxymetazoline

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5
Q

What are the available Non-Rx antihistamine eye drops?

A

Pheniramine, Antazoline

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6
Q

What are some Opthalmic NSAIDs?

A

Ketorolac (Acular), Diclofenac (Voltaren)

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7
Q

What is Bleph-10?

A

Ophthalmic Antibacterial (Sulfacetamide sodium). Contraindicated in sulfa-allergy

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8
Q

What are the main eye drops used for Gram (-) infections?

A

Gentamycin (Gentak) and Tobramycin (Tobrex)

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9
Q

What is Azasite?

A

Azithromycin ophthalmic antibacterial

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10
Q

What types of drops are effective in most bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

Macrolides (Erythromycin or Azithromycin)

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11
Q

What are good 2nd line ophthalmic antibacterials for routine bacterial conjunctivities?

A

Fluoroquinolones: Ciprofloxacin (Ciloxan) or Moxifloxacin (Vigamox)

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12
Q

What is the only anti-viral ophthalmic solution?

A

Trifluridine (Viroptic)

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13
Q

What is the first choice of treatment for open angle glaucoma if no contraindications?

A

B-blockers or Prostaglandin analogs (ex. Lumigan)

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14
Q

If either first line choices for open angle glaucoma can’t be used, what are your 3rd line choices?

A

Alpha-2-agonists (Alphagan), Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (Azopt)

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15
Q

What treatment options are available for Angle-Closure Glaucoma?

A

Cholinergic (Pilocarpine) or Hyperosmotics (Glycerin)

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16
Q

What are the treatment options for Age-Related Macular Degeneration (Wet Form)?

A

VEGF Inhibitors (Avastin (Bevacizumab))

17
Q

What class of ophthalmic medication is most commonly responsible for drug-induced cataracts?

A

Corticosteroids

18
Q

What is an example of a LOW potency topical steroid?

A

Hydrocortisone

19
Q

What is an example of a HIGH potency topical steroid?

A

Betamethasone

20
Q

What is the best option for Grade 1 Acne?

A

Keratolytic agent preferred. Benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, sulfer/resorcinol

21
Q

What are some topical antibiotics used for Acne?

A

Clindamycin (Cleocin-T) and Erythromycin (Eryderm). These have better results when used in combo with benzoyl peroxide

22
Q

What are some topical Non-Rx treatment options for Psoriasis?

A

Topical hydrocortisone, Coal tar, Salicylic acid. Avoid that last two if lesions are inflamed, or if involve intertriginous areas

23
Q

What are some topical Rx treatment options for Psoriasis?

A

Corticosteroids. Tazorac (Tazarotene - synthetic retinoid). Synthetic vitamin D analogs (Dovonex)

24
Q

Out of the three antibacterials found in Neomycin, which one covers Gram (+)?

A

Bacitracin

25
Q

What is a topical treatment option for Impetigo?

A

Bactroban (Mupirocin 2% ointment)

26
Q

What topical anti-infective agent is used to prevent and treat infections caused by 2nd and 3rd degree burns?

A

Silver Sulfadiazine (Silvadene), avoid in infants/pregnancy/sulfa-allergy

27
Q

What cream/ointment can be used to help with Herpes Simplex Genitalis?

A

Acyclovir (Zovirax) Ointment. Ointment can be used for both, cream can only be used for oral herpes

28
Q

What topical medication can be used for Actinic Keratosis?

A

5-FU (Efudex, Carac)

29
Q

Imiquimod cream is indicated for what type of lesion?

A

Genital warts (condyloma accuminatum)

30
Q

What is the most appropriate as initial topical therapy for acne rosacea?

A

Metronidazole

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