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Board Study Topics > 00 Blood Dyscrasias > Flashcards

00 Blood Dyscrasias Flashcards

1
Q

What are some unique symptoms of Anemia?

A

Glossitis (inflamed tongue). Koilonychias (thin, concave nails). Pica (craving/eating non-foods)

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2
Q

What are the normal ranges for Hemoglobin (Hgb)?

A

M: 13.5-18
F: 12-16

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3
Q

What are the normal ranges for Hematocrit (Hct)?

A

M: 37-49%
F: 36-46%

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4
Q

What is the normal range for Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)?

A

80-100mm3

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5
Q

What do the labs look like for Microcytic anemia and what’s the main cause?

A

Low Hgb/Hct and MCV < 80. Usually d/t lack of iron

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6
Q

What do the labs look like for Normocytic anemia and what’s the main cause?

A

Low Hgb/Hct and MCV: 80-100. Usually d/t blood loss

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7
Q

What do the labs look like for Macrocytic anemia and what’s the main cause?

A

Low Hgb/Hct and MCV > 100. Usually d/t a lack of B12

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8
Q

What is the main treatment for Microcytic Anemia?

A

Iron (IV and PO formulations available)

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9
Q

What are the elemental percentages in common PO iron products?

A

Fumarate (33%) > Sulfate (20%) > Gluconate (10%)

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10
Q

Which iron product is first line?

A

Ferrous Sulfate PO

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11
Q

What common DDIs are there with iron products?

A

Tetracyclines, Fluroquinolones, Levothyroxine, Mycophenolate, Levodopa. Separate all these by 2 hours

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12
Q

What is the generic name of Fer-In-Sol?

A

Ferrous Sulfate PO

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13
Q

What is the generic name of Ferretts or Hemocyte?

A

Ferrous Fumarate PO

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14
Q

What is the generic name of Fergon?

A

Ferrous Gluconate PO

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15
Q

What are the common ADRs to all IV iron?

A

Hypotension (infuse slowly), flushing, rash, and pain

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16
Q

Which IV iron product requires a test dose?

A

Iron Dextran requires a test dose d/t possibility of anaphylactic reaction

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17
Q

What is the generic name of Infed?

A

Iron Dextran (IV)

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18
Q

What is the generic name of DexFerrum?

A

Iron Dextran (IV)

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19
Q

What is the generic name of Ferrlecit?

A

Sodium Ferric Gluconate (IV)

20
Q

What is the generic name of Venofer?

A

Iron Sucrose (IV)

21
Q

What is a common ADR of blood transfusions for microcytic anemia?

A

Iron overload –> needs pharmacological management for serum levels > 300 mcg/dL

22
Q

What are the two medications used for Iron Overload?

A

Desferal (Deferoxamine) - IV formulation. Exjade (Deferasirox) - PO formulation (make into PO suspension, DO NOT chew or swallow whole)

23
Q

What is the generic name of Epogen?

A

Erythropoeietin (Short-acting formulation) - IV or SQ

24
Q

What is the generic name of Procrit?

A

Erythropoeietin (Short-acting formulation) - IV or SQ

25
Q

What is the generic name of Aranesp?

A

Darbopoetin (Long-acting formulation) - IV or SQ

26
Q

When do you initiate and stop Erythropoeietin or Darbopoetin for CKD on HD and not on HD?

A

On HD: Initiate Hgb < 10, stop when Hgb 11+.

No HD: Initiate Hgb < 10, stop when Hgb 10+

27
Q

What are the contraindications for Erythropoeietin or Darbopoetin?

A

Uncontrolled HTN

28
Q

What are the ADRs with Erythropoeietin?

A

Thrombotic events (DVT/PE). Increased seizure risk. HTN. Edema. Bone pain

29
Q

What are the ADRs with Darbopoetin?

A

Hyper or Hypotension. Chest pain

30
Q

What is the BBW for Darbopoetin?

A

For CKD: targeting Hgb > 12 is associated with increased mortality and serious cardio events. For cancer anemia: increased mortality and tumor progression; increased risk of thrombotic event - DO NOT use when anticipated outcome is cure

31
Q

What is the primary treatment for Macrocytic Anemia?

A

B12; folate

32
Q

When would you use IV or PO treatment for Macrocytic Anemia?

A

IV: if there are neurological complications; cannot absorb/comply; severe deficiencies. PO: for maintenance therapy

33
Q

What is the generic name of Cyanocobalamin?

A

B12 (pink-ish red in color)

34
Q

When is Cyanocobalamin contraindicated?

A

Cobalt allergy

35
Q

What is the generic name of Folate?

A

B9 (folic acid)

36
Q

How is folate usually dosed?

A

OTC: 0.4-0.8mg tab once daily
Rx: 1mg tab once daily

37
Q

What is the definition of neutropenia?

A

ANC < 500 cell/mm3

38
Q

What is the generic name of Neupogen?

A

Filgrastim (G-CSF) - colony stimulating factor for neutropenia

39
Q

What is the generic name of Neulasta?

A

Peg-Filgrastim - colony stimulating factor for neutropenia

40
Q

What is the generic name of Leukine?

A

Sargramostim (GM-CSF) - colony stimulating factor for neutropenia

41
Q

What is the main ADR seen with colony-stimulating factors for neutropenia?

A

BONE PAIN; fever, HTN, peripheral edema

42
Q

What is the definition of Thrombocytopenia?

A

Platelet < 100,000/mm3

43
Q

What is the generic name of Neumega?

A

Oprelvekin (thrombocytopenia treatment)

44
Q

What is the generic name of Promacta?

A

Eltrombopag (thrombocytopenia treatment)

45
Q

What is the generic name of NPLATE?

A

Romiplostim (thrombocytopenia treatment)

46
Q

Which Thrombocytopenia Treatment Agent contains a BBW?

A

Neumega: Possible anaphylaxis

47
Q

What is the Schilling Test used to diagnose?

A

Pernicious anemia

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