Zoonotic/Arboviral Disease

Question 1

Define zoonotic viruses.

Answer 1

Viruses that exist in animal reservoirs and cause disease when transmitted to humans

Question 2

Does rabies virus exhibit human to human transmission?

Answer 2

No

Question 3

What animals are common vectors of rabies virus in the US?

Answer 3

Bat
Raccoon
Skunk
Fox

Question 4

How is rabies typically transmitted?

Answer 4

Bite of infected animal

Question 5

Can rabies be prevented?

Answer 5

Yes- immunization for at risk people/animals

Question 6

Detail the structure of Rabies virus.

Answer 6

Helical
Enveloped
SS - sense RNA
(Bullet shaped)

Question 7

Canine rabies is a major burden of disease worldwide. Why is this not the case in the US?

Answer 7

Mass canine vaccination programs

Question 8

What are the 2 major forms of rabies infection?

Answer 8

Encephalitic

Paralytic

Question 9

A person sustains a bite from a rabid animal. The virus replicates at the site of the sound and then enters the CNS. How does it enter the CNS?

Answer 9

Infects neurons innervating the site of wound

Spreads retrograde through axons to CNS

Question 10

What are the components of post exposure prophylaxis?

Answer 10

Treat wound
Ig
Rabies vaccine

Question 11

What diseases are caused by Hantavirus?

Answer 11

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome

Question 12

What is the reservoir of Hantavirus?

Answer 12

Rodents

Question 13

How is Hantavirus transmitted?

Answer 13

Excreted by rodents

Excreta is aerosolized and inhaled

Question 14

Where does Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome typically occur in the US?

Answer 14

Western US

4 corners

Question 15

Does Hantavirus exhibit human to human transmission?

Answer 15

No

Question 16

Detail the structure of Ebola virus.

Answer 16

Helical
Enveloped
SS - sense RNA

Question 17

What 2 genera belong to the Filovirus family?

Answer 17

Ebola

Marburg

Question 18

Does Ebola virus exhibit P2P transmission?

Answer 18

Yes- contact with body fluids of infected person

Question 19

What Flaviviruses are arboviruses? What Flavivirus is not an arbovirus?

Answer 19

Dengue
Yellow fever
St. Louis encephalitis
West Nile virus
HCV (not arbovirus)

Question 20

How many serotypes of Dengue virus exist?

Answer 20

4

Question 21

What diseases are caused by Dengue virus?

Answer 21

Dengue fever
Hemorrhagic fever
Shock syndrome

Question 22

Where is Dengue virus endemic?

Answer 22

Tropical/subtropical regions

Africa, Central/South America, South Asia

Question 23

Detail the structure of Flaviviruses.

Answer 23

Icosahedral
Enveloped
SS + sense

Question 24

How is Dengue virus maintained (hosts/vector)?

Answer 24

Human-mosquito-human transmission cycle

Question 25

What is the most important risk factor for development of Dengue hemorrhagic fever or shock syndrome?

Answer 25

A second Dengue virus infection by a different serotype

Question 26

A patient has been infected with Dengue virus. What are the possible outcomes of a second infection?

Answer 26

Same serotype- protection

Different serotype- enhanced infection

Question 27

What is the most common cause of arbovirus disease in the US?

Answer 27

West Nile Virus

Question 28

What is the reservoir for WNV?

Answer 28

Birds

Question 29

WNV is very seasonal, what time of the year do most cases occur?

Answer 29

July-September