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ID > Herpes Viruses > Flashcards

Herpes Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

Are herpesviruses DNA or RNA viruses?

A

dsDNA linear

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2
Q

Are herpesviruses enveloped?

A

Yes

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3
Q

What is the most common cause of sporadic encephalitis?

A

HSV-1

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4
Q

How is HSV-1 transmitted?

A

Respiratory secretions

Saliva

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5
Q

What diseases does HSV-1 cause?

A

Sporadic encephalitis
Oral/genital lesions
Keratoconjunctivitis

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6
Q

What diseases does HSV-2 cause?

A

Genital/oral lesions

Neonatal herpes

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7
Q

Where does HSV-2 reside in the latent stage?

A

Sacral ganglia

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8
Q

What drugs are guanosine analogs used to treat HSV and VZV.

A

Acyclovir
Famciclovir- herpes zoster
Valacyclovir- pro drug of acyclovir that has better oral availability

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9
Q

What is the mechanism of action of acyclovir?

A

Guanine analog.
Monophosphorylated by HSV/VZV thymidine kinase.
Triphosphate formed by cellular enzymes.
Inhibits viral DNA polymerase.

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10
Q

Why does acyclovir have few side effects?

A

It must be phosphorylated by viral thyidine kinase.

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11
Q

What diseases are caused by VZV?

A

Chicken pox
Shingles (zoster)
Encephalitis
Pneumonia

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12
Q

Where does VZV reside in the latent stage?

A

Trigeminal ganglia

Dorsal root

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13
Q

How is VZV transmitted?

A

Respiratory secretions

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14
Q

What is the most common complication of shingles?

A

Post herpatic neuralgia

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15
Q

Characterize the clinical findings of mononucleosis.

A

Fever
Hepatosplenomegaly
Pharyngitis
Lymphadenopathy- especially posterior cervical

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16
Q

How is EBV transmitted?

A

Respiratory secretions

Saliva

17
Q

How is HSV-2 transmitted?

A

Sexual contact

Perinatally

18
Q

What is the characteristic histologic appearance of CMV infection?

A

Owl eye inclusions

19
Q

Where does CMV reside during latency?

A

Mononuclear cells

20
Q

How is HHV-6/HHV-7 transmitted?

A

Saliva

21
Q

What disease is caused by HHV-6/HHV-7?

A

Roseola- high fevers that can cause seizures (days) followed by diffuse macular rash

22
Q

How is HHV-8 transmitted?

A

Sexual contact

23
Q

What disease is caused by HHV-8?

A

Karposi sarcoma

24
Q

What is Karposi sarcoma?

A

Neoplasm of endothelial cells

25
Q

Describe the dermatologic findings of Karposi sarcoma.

A

Dark/violaceous plaques or nodules- represents vascular proliferation

26
Q

How do you identify HSV in a patient with skin/genital vesicles?

A

Tzanck test- smear of opened skin vesicle to detect multinucleated giant cells

27
Q

How do you identify a herpesvirus in a patient with encephalitis?

A

CSF PCR

28
Q

Where does encapsidation of herpesviruses occur?

A

Nucleus- intranuclear inclusions

29
Q

What herpesvirus do heterophile antibodies indicate?

A

EBV infection

30
Q

What malignancies are associated with EBV?

A 
Burkitt lymphoma
B-cell lymphoma
Leiomyosarcoma
Hodgkin lymphoma
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Gastric adenocarcinoma

ID (28 decks)

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