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ID > Infections of HIV + Individuals > Flashcards

Infections of HIV + Individuals Flashcards

1
Q

What pathogens infect individuals with CD4 counts below 500?

A 
Candida albicans
EBV
Bartonella henselae
HHV-8
Cryptosporidium 
HPV
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2
Q

What is the classic presentation of Candida albicans infection in a patient who is HIV+ with a CD4 count below 500?

A

Oral thrush
Scrapable white plaque
Pseudohyphae on microscopy

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3
Q

What is the classic presentation of EBV infection in a patient who is HIV+ with a CD4 count below 500?

A

Oral hairy leukoplakia

Unscrapable white plaque on lateral tongue

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4
Q

A patient with HIV contracts HHV-8. Once their CD4 count drops below 500, what disease develops due to HHV-8 infection?

A

Kaposi sarcoma

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5
Q

What disease is due to Bartonella henselae infection in a patient who is HIV+ and has a CD4 count less than 500?

A

Bacillary angiomatosis

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6
Q

Contrast the bioposy findings of Kaposi sarcoma with bacillary angiomatosis?

A

Bacillary angiomatosis- PMN inflammation

Kaposi sarcoma- lymphocytic inflammation

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7
Q

How is Bartonella henselae typically transmitted to humans?

A

Contact with cat (cat scratch disease)

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8
Q

Acid fast oocysts are found in the stool of a patient with HIV. What is the likely pathogen?

A

Cryptosporidium

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9
Q

What is the presentation of HPV infection in a patient with HIV?

A

SCC

Condylomata acuminatum

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10
Q

What pathogens infect individuals with CD4 below 200?

A

Toxoplasma gondii
HIV dementia
JC virus
Pneumocystis jirovecii

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11
Q

What is the presentation of T. gondii infection in a patient with HIV and a CD4 count less than 200?

A

Brain abscess

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12
Q

What will an MR show in a patient with T. gondii infection?

A

Multiple ring enhancing lesions

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13
Q

What is the presentation of JC virus reactivation in a patient with HIV?

A

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

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14
Q

What will MR show in a patient with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy?

A

Nonenhancing areas of demyelination

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15
Q

What is the presentation of P. jirovecii in a patient with HIV?

A

Pneumocystis pneumonia

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16
Q

What will CXR show in a patient with pneumocystis pneumonia?

A

Ground glass opacities on CXR

17
Q

What pathogens infect individuals with CD4 counts less than 100?

A 
Aspergillus fumigatus
Cryptococcus neoformans
Candida albicans
CMV
EBV
Histoplasma capsulatum
Mycobacterium avium
18
Q

A patient with a CD4 count below 100 develops hemoptysis and pleuritic chest pain. CXR shows cavitation. Bronchoalveolar lavage is undertaken and staining reveals fungal hyphae branching at acute angles. What is the most likely causative organism?

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

19
Q

Candida albicans is associated with CD4 counts below 500 and below 100. What is the difference in presentation?

A

Below 500- oral thrush

Below 100- esphagitis

20
Q

An immunocompromised individual presents with decreased vision. On fundoscopy cotton-wool spots are seen. What is the likely causative organism?

A

CMV

21
Q

What biopsy finding is classic of tissue infected with CMV?

A

Owl eye inclusion

22
Q

What pathogen is associated with B cell lymphoma in immunocompromised individuals?

A

EBV

23
Q

Oval yeast cells within macrophages is a classic description of what opportunistic pathogen?

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

ID (28 decks)

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