Infections of HIV + Individuals Flashcards
What pathogens infect individuals with CD4 counts below 500?
Candida albicans EBV Bartonella henselae HHV-8 Cryptosporidium HPV
What is the classic presentation of Candida albicans infection in a patient who is HIV+ with a CD4 count below 500?
Oral thrush
Scrapable white plaque
Pseudohyphae on microscopy
What is the classic presentation of EBV infection in a patient who is HIV+ with a CD4 count below 500?
Oral hairy leukoplakia
Unscrapable white plaque on lateral tongue
A patient with HIV contracts HHV-8. Once their CD4 count drops below 500, what disease develops due to HHV-8 infection?
Kaposi sarcoma
What disease is due to Bartonella henselae infection in a patient who is HIV+ and has a CD4 count less than 500?
Bacillary angiomatosis
Contrast the bioposy findings of Kaposi sarcoma with bacillary angiomatosis?
Bacillary angiomatosis- PMN inflammation
Kaposi sarcoma- lymphocytic inflammation
How is Bartonella henselae typically transmitted to humans?
Contact with cat (cat scratch disease)
Acid fast oocysts are found in the stool of a patient with HIV. What is the likely pathogen?
Cryptosporidium
What is the presentation of HPV infection in a patient with HIV?
SCC
Condylomata acuminatum
What pathogens infect individuals with CD4 below 200?
Toxoplasma gondii
HIV dementia
JC virus
Pneumocystis jirovecii
What is the presentation of T. gondii infection in a patient with HIV and a CD4 count less than 200?
Brain abscess
What will an MR show in a patient with T. gondii infection?
Multiple ring enhancing lesions
What is the presentation of JC virus reactivation in a patient with HIV?
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
What will MR show in a patient with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy?
Nonenhancing areas of demyelination
What is the presentation of P. jirovecii in a patient with HIV?
Pneumocystis pneumonia
What will CXR show in a patient with pneumocystis pneumonia?
Ground glass opacities on CXR
What pathogens infect individuals with CD4 counts less than 100?
Aspergillus fumigatus Cryptococcus neoformans Candida albicans CMV EBV Histoplasma capsulatum Mycobacterium avium
A patient with a CD4 count below 100 develops hemoptysis and pleuritic chest pain. CXR shows cavitation. Bronchoalveolar lavage is undertaken and staining reveals fungal hyphae branching at acute angles. What is the most likely causative organism?
Aspergillus fumigatus
Candida albicans is associated with CD4 counts below 500 and below 100. What is the difference in presentation?
Below 500- oral thrush
Below 100- esphagitis
An immunocompromised individual presents with decreased vision. On fundoscopy cotton-wool spots are seen. What is the likely causative organism?
CMV
What biopsy finding is classic of tissue infected with CMV?
Owl eye inclusion
What pathogen is associated with B cell lymphoma in immunocompromised individuals?
EBV
Oval yeast cells within macrophages is a classic description of what opportunistic pathogen?
Histoplasma capsulatum
