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ID > Exam 2 Review > Flashcards

Exam 2 Review Flashcards

1
Q

Detail the DTaP & Tdap vaccines.

A

Diptheria/Tetanus- toxoid
Pertussis- acellular
DTap- children
Tdap- age 11-64

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2
Q

Detail the Pneumococcal vaccine.

A

Capsule
Multiple serotypes, do not vaccinate against all
Children under 5 (led to lower rates of pneumonia in older adults)
Adults over 65 (prevents bacteremia)

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3
Q

Detail H flu vaccine.

A

Capsule

Infants

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4
Q

Detail the meningococcal vaccine.

A

Capsule

Teenagers

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5
Q

Detail the influenza vaccine.

A 
Live attenuated (intranasal)
Killed (IM)
Hemagglutinin
Neuraminidase
Everyone over 6 months
Seasonal
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6
Q

Detail the MMR vaccine.

A

Live attenuated
Children
Pregnant women

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7
Q

Where is the BCG vaccine used?

A

High burden TB areas

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8
Q

Detail the Rabies vaccine.

A

Viral envelope
High risk occupations
Post-exposure prophylaxis

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9
Q

Antigenic drift in influenza is due to a mutation in what proteins?

A

HA

NA

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10
Q

Antigenic shift in influenza is due to a mutation in what proteins?

A

HA

NA

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11
Q

Influenza can undergo reassortment, what virus that causes gastroenteritis can also undergo reassortment?

A

Rota

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12
Q

Which influenza type causes large outbreaks?

A

A- undergoes antigenic shift

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13
Q

Which influenza type only infects humans?

A

B

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14
Q

What are the 3 important RNA polymerases?

A

RNA pol I- rRNA
RNA pol II- mRNA
RNA pol III- tRNA

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15
Q

In which compartment of the cell do most RNA virus genomes replicate in? What is an important exception?

A

Cytoplasm

Retro, influenza

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16
Q

In which compartment of the cell do most DNA viruses replicate? What is an important exception?

A

Nucleus

Pox

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17
Q

Do any anti HIV drugs directly inhibit viral mRNA synthesis?

A

No- viruses DNA transcribed by host RNA pol II

18
Q

Do + sense RNA viruses carry an RNA polymerase?

A

No
+ sense RNA is translated by host ribosomes
RNA encodes viral polymerase

19
Q

Do - sense RNA viruses carry an RNA polymerase?

A

Yes

20
Q

What enzyme makes HIV virion RNA/mRNA?

A

Host RNA Pol II

21
Q

HIV viral load can be measured to monitor HAART. What test is used to monitor viral load?

A

RT-PCR

22
Q

Why isn’t PCR a good assay to assess viral load?

A

Provirus is part of host DNA

RT-PCR assess viral RNA

23
Q

Does HAART therapy reduce virus or provirus?

A

Virus

24
Q

What are the criteria for SIRS?

A 
T >38
HR >90
RR >20
WCC >12k or less than 4k
PaCO2 less than 32
25
Q

What is SEPSIS?

A

SIRS + infection

26
Q

What category of bacteria are susceptible to the MAC?

A

Gram negative

27
Q

Most primary immunodeficiencies are due to a defect in what component of the immune system?

A

Humoral

28
Q

Define neutropenia.

A

Neutrophils less than 500

29
Q

What bugs are patients with CGD commonly infected with why?

A 
S. aureus
Serratia
Pseudomonas
Aspergillus
Candida
Nocardia
(catalase +)
30
Q

Patients with recurrent N. meningitidis infection may have a defect in what immune system component?

A

C5-9 (MAC)

31
Q

List the AIDS defining cancers.

A

Kaposi sarcoma
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Cervical cancer

32
Q

What viral infection is associated with Non-Hodgkin lymphoma?

A

EBV

33
Q

What viral infection is associated with cervical cancer?

A

HPV

34
Q

What viral infection is associated with Kaposi sarcoma?

A

HHV-8

35
Q

What diseases are associated with HTLV-1?

A

Adult T cell leukemia
HAM (myelopathy)
Uveitis

36
Q

Why is ritonavir used to treat HIV?

A

Inhibits CYP450 system to “boost” effect of other antiretrovirals

37
Q

Why is active TB treated with 4 drugs and latent TB treated with 1 drug?

A

Active- prevent resistance

Latent- chance for selecting for resistance is low because there are few bugs

38
Q

How long are TB drugs given for active infection?

A

4 drugs for 2 months

2 drugs for 4 months

39
Q

What organisms do not gram stain well?

A

Legionella
Mycoplasma
Chlamydia
Rickettsia

40
Q

What antibiotic is used to treat Ricketssial disease?

A

Doxycycline

ID (28 decks)

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