Exam 2 Review Flashcards
Detail the DTaP & Tdap vaccines.
Diptheria/Tetanus- toxoid
Pertussis- acellular
DTap- children
Tdap- age 11-64
Detail the Pneumococcal vaccine.
Capsule
Multiple serotypes, do not vaccinate against all
Children under 5 (led to lower rates of pneumonia in older adults)
Adults over 65 (prevents bacteremia)
Detail H flu vaccine.
Capsule
Infants
Detail the meningococcal vaccine.
Capsule
Teenagers
Detail the influenza vaccine.
Live attenuated (intranasal) Killed (IM) Hemagglutinin Neuraminidase Everyone over 6 months Seasonal
Detail the MMR vaccine.
Live attenuated
Children
Pregnant women
Where is the BCG vaccine used?
High burden TB areas
Detail the Rabies vaccine.
Viral envelope
High risk occupations
Post-exposure prophylaxis
Antigenic drift in influenza is due to a mutation in what proteins?
HA
NA
Antigenic shift in influenza is due to a mutation in what proteins?
HA
NA
Influenza can undergo reassortment, what virus that causes gastroenteritis can also undergo reassortment?
Rota
Which influenza type causes large outbreaks?
A- undergoes antigenic shift
Which influenza type only infects humans?
B
What are the 3 important RNA polymerases?
RNA pol I- rRNA
RNA pol II- mRNA
RNA pol III- tRNA
In which compartment of the cell do most RNA virus genomes replicate in? What is an important exception?
Cytoplasm
Retro, influenza
In which compartment of the cell do most DNA viruses replicate? What is an important exception?
Nucleus
Pox
Do any anti HIV drugs directly inhibit viral mRNA synthesis?
No- viruses DNA transcribed by host RNA pol II
Do + sense RNA viruses carry an RNA polymerase?
No
+ sense RNA is translated by host ribosomes
RNA encodes viral polymerase
Do - sense RNA viruses carry an RNA polymerase?
Yes
What enzyme makes HIV virion RNA/mRNA?
Host RNA Pol II
HIV viral load can be measured to monitor HAART. What test is used to monitor viral load?
RT-PCR
Why isn’t PCR a good assay to assess viral load?
Provirus is part of host DNA
RT-PCR assess viral RNA
Does HAART therapy reduce virus or provirus?
Virus
What are the criteria for SIRS?
T >38 HR >90 RR >20 WCC >12k or less than 4k PaCO2 less than 32
What is SEPSIS?
SIRS + infection
What category of bacteria are susceptible to the MAC?
Gram negative
Most primary immunodeficiencies are due to a defect in what component of the immune system?
Humoral
Define neutropenia.
Neutrophils less than 500
What bugs are patients with CGD commonly infected with why?
S. aureus Serratia Pseudomonas Aspergillus Candida Nocardia (catalase +)
Patients with recurrent N. meningitidis infection may have a defect in what immune system component?
C5-9 (MAC)
List the AIDS defining cancers.
Kaposi sarcoma
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Cervical cancer
What viral infection is associated with Non-Hodgkin lymphoma?
EBV
What viral infection is associated with cervical cancer?
HPV
What viral infection is associated with Kaposi sarcoma?
HHV-8
What diseases are associated with HTLV-1?
Adult T cell leukemia
HAM (myelopathy)
Uveitis
Why is ritonavir used to treat HIV?
Inhibits CYP450 system to “boost” effect of other antiretrovirals
Why is active TB treated with 4 drugs and latent TB treated with 1 drug?
Active- prevent resistance
Latent- chance for selecting for resistance is low because there are few bugs
How long are TB drugs given for active infection?
4 drugs for 2 months
2 drugs for 4 months
What organisms do not gram stain well?
Legionella
Mycoplasma
Chlamydia
Rickettsia
What antibiotic is used to treat Ricketssial disease?
Doxycycline
