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Mycobacterium Flashcards

1
Q

What bacteria causes tuberculosis?

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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2
Q

What is a Ghon focus?

A

Primary lesion caused by M. tuberculosis in the lung of a nonimmune host (usually child)

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3
Q

Where is a Ghon focus likely to form?

A

Lower to mid zones of lung

Subpleural

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4
Q

What are the possible progressions of a Ghon complex?

A

Heals by fibrosis
Progressive lung disease (HIV, malnutrition)
Severe bacteremia leading to miliary tuberculosis
Lymphatic or hematogenous spread that leads to dormancy and reactivation in adult life

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5
Q

What disease refers to extrapulmonary tuberculosis in a vertebral body?

A

Pott disease

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6
Q

An individual is infected with M. tuberculosis and develops immunity. Describe the lesion that forms if they are infected again or if reactivation occurs.

A

Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion

Usually in upper lobe

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7
Q

When is a PPD positive?

A

Current infection
Past exposure
BCG vaccination (false positive)

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8
Q

When is a PPD negative?

A

No infection
Anergic (steroids, malnutrition, immunocompromise)
Sarcoidosis

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of TB?

A 
Fever
Night sweats
Weight loss
Cough
Hemoptysis
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10
Q

What bacteria causes disseminated non-TB disease in AIDS?

A

M. avium

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11
Q

What drug is given as prophylaxis against M. avium?

A

Azithromycin

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12
Q

What bacteria is associated with hand infections in aquarium handlers?

A

M. marinum

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13
Q

What Mycobacterium virulence factor inhibits macrophage maturation?

A

Cord factor

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14
Q

What components of Mycobacterium inhibit phagolysosomal fusion?

A

Sulfatides (surface glycoproteins)

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15
Q

What bacteria causes Leprosy?

A

Mycobacterium leprae

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16
Q

What is the reservoir of M. leprae in the United States?

A

Armadillos

17
Q

Describe the classic description used to characterize the loss of sensation associated with leprosy.

A

Glove and stocking loss of sensation

18
Q

Leprosy has 2 forms, what are these forms?

A

Lepromatous

Tuberculoid

19
Q

Detail the immune response to the different forms of leprosy.

A

Lepromatous- low cell-mediated immunity with humoral Th2 response
Tuberculoid- high cell-mediated immunity with Th1 driven response

20
Q

Detail the clinical symptoms of Tuberculoid leprosy.

A

Limited sensation in a few, hairless, skin plaques

21
Q

Detail the clinical symptoms of Lepromatous leprosy.

A

Diffuse presentation
Leonine facies
Communicable

ID (28 decks)

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