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ID > Antimycobacterial Drugs > Flashcards

Antimycobacterial Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What drug is used as prophylaxis against M. tuberculosis?

A

Isoniazid

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2
Q

What drug is used as prophylaxis against M. avium?

A

Azithromycin

Rifabutin

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3
Q

What is the treatment of M. tuberculosis?

A

Rifampin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol

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4
Q

What is the treatment of M. avium?

A

Azithromycin or clarithromycin
Ethambutol
(can add rifabutin or ciprofloxacin)

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5
Q

What is the treatment of M. leprae?

A

Dapsone
Rifampin
(Tuberculoid form)
+ clofazimine for lepromatous form

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6
Q

What is the MOA of action of rifampin/rifabutin?

A

Inhibit DNA-dependent RNA polymerase

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7
Q

What effect do rifampin/rifabutin have on the CYP450 system?

A

Activators

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8
Q

What rifamycin drug is favored in patients with HIV infection and why?

A

Rifabutin because it stimulates CYP450 system less than Rifampin

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9
Q

Should rifampin/rifabutin be used as monotherapy?

A

No- rapid resistance

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10
Q

What effect can rifamycins have on body fluids?

A

Turn them red/orange

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11
Q

What is the MOA of isoniazid?

A

Decrease synthesis of mycolic acids

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12
Q

What is required to activate isoniazid?

A

Bacterial catalase-peroxidase

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13
Q

How can bacteria require resistance to isoniazid?

A

Mutations leading to underexpression of KatG

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14
Q

What toxicities are assoicated with isoniazid?

A

Neurotoxicity

Hepatotoxicity

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15
Q

What can be given with isoniazid to prevent neurotoxicity?

A

Pyridoxine (vitamin B6)

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16
Q

What is the MOA of pyrazinamide?

A

Uncertain

17
Q

What is the active form of pyrazinamide?

A

Pyrazinoic acid

18
Q

What toxicities are associated with pyrazinamide?

A

Hyperuricemia

Hepatotoxicity

19
Q

What drug used to treat M. tuberculosis can cause optic neuropathy leading to red-green color blindness?

A

Ethambutol

20
Q

What is the MOA of ethambutol?

A

Block arabinosyl transferase

Decreases carbohydrate polymerization of mycobacterium cell wall

21
Q

What antimycobacterial drug is given IV?

A

Streptomycin

22
Q

What is the MOA of streptomycin?

A

Protein synthesis inhibition

Binds 30s ribosomal subunit

ID (28 decks)

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