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STIs Flashcards

1
Q

Why does previous infection with N. gonorrhoeae not confer immunity?

A

Antigenic variation- especially of pili

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2
Q

What is antigenic variation? What is phase variation?

A

Antigenic variation- mechanism by which pathogen changes surface proteins to evade host immune system
Phase variation- switching on and off expression of proteins

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3
Q

How does N. gonorrhoeae prevent phagocytosis?

A

IgA protease- cleaves the Fc portion of human IgA, preventing opsonization

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4
Q

Both men and women can be asymptomatic carriers of N. gonorrhoeae. Is the prevalence of asymptomatic carriers greater in men or women?

A

Women- risk of PID

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5
Q

Gonococcal infection in children necessitates what actions?

A

Suspect child abuse

Contact police and social workers

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6
Q

What is the appearance of gram stains of urethral or endocervical exudates in a patient with N. gonorrhoeae infection?

A

Gram negative diplococci within PMNs

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7
Q

Is gram staining for a urogenital infection with N. gonorrhoeae more sensitive/specific in men or women?

A

Men

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8
Q

Patients infected with N. gonorrhoeae are often co-infected with what organism?

A

C. trachomatis

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9
Q

Because N. gonorrhoeae can produce insidious disease, treatment of known sexual contacts of a patient with this disease is necessary. What is the treatment?

A

IM dose of ceftriaxone

po dose of Azithromycin

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10
Q

What is the treatment of ocular infection with N. gonnorheae/C. trachomatis?

A

N. gonnorheae- ceftriaxone

C. trachomatis- erythromycin

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11
Q

Why are Chlamydiae obligate intracellular pathogens?

A

They cannot synthesizes ATP, thus, they depend on host cell for energy production

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12
Q

What stain can be used to visualize cells infected with Chlamydia?

A

Giemsa stain

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13
Q

Detail the biphasic life cycle of Chlamydiae.

A

EB are infectious form.
RB are replicating form.
EB form infects cells and prevent phagosome-lysosome fusion. EBs reorganize to form RBs which replicate. RBs reorganize to form EBs. Host cell rupture releases EBs.

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14
Q

In what regions does lymphogranuloma venereum principally occur?

A

Africa

South America

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15
Q

Detail the clinical manifestations fo lymphogranuloma venerum.

A

Begins as small ulcer on genitalia, followed by lymphadenopathy of inguinal lymph nodes.

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16
Q

What testing method has become the recommended as the preferred method to detect GC and CT infections?

A

NAATs- nucleic acid amplification tests

17
Q

What bacteria causes syphilis?

A

Treponema pallidum

18
Q

What are the clinical features of stage 1 syphilis?

A

Painless chancre

19
Q

How can you diagnose stage 1 syphilis?

A

Dark-field microscopy to visualize treponemes in fluid from chancre

20
Q

What are the clinical features of stage 2 syphilis?

A 
Disseminated disease with constitutional symptoms. 
Maculopapular rash (including palms and soles)
21
Q

What are the clinical features of stage 3 syphilis?

A

Gummas
Aortitis
Neurosyphilis

22
Q

VDRL detects nonspecific antibody that reacts with beef cardiolipin. The test is sensitive for syphilis, but what can cause false positives?

A

Viral infections
Drugs
Rheumatic fever
Lupus/leprosy

23
Q

What is a Herxheimer reaction?

A

Flu like syndrome after antibiotics are started

24
Q

What is the flu like syndrome that can occur in a patient with syphilis after they have been given antibiotics?

A

Herxheimer reaction

25
Q

Leptospirosis interrogans is found in water contaminated with animal urine. What disease does this bacteria cause?

A

Leptospirosis- flu like symptom with myalgias, jaundice, photophobia, conjunctival suffusion
Weil disease- icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis (severe form with azotemia)

26
Q

A patient with syphilis is allergic to penicillin, how can they be treated?

A

Azithromycin

27
Q

What diseases are caused by C. trachomatis?

A

Reactive arthritis
Follicular conjunctivitis
Urethritis
PID

28
Q

What disease are caused by C. pneumoniae and C. psittaci?

A

Atypical pneumoniae

29
Q

What is the treatment for Chlaymydia infection?

A

Azithromycin

30
Q

Why are beta-lactam antibiotics not very effective against Chlamydia?

A

Cell wall lacks peptidoglycan

31
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes ABC cause what disease?

A

Chronic infection leads to blindness

32
Q

What C. trachomatis serotypes cause Lymphogranuloma venereum?

A

L1,2,3

33
Q

How do you treat lymphogranuloma venereum?

A

Doxycycline

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