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ID > Respiratory Viruses > Flashcards

Respiratory Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

What pathologic viruses belong to the paramyxovirus family?

A

Parainfluenza
RSV
Measles/Rubeola
Mumps

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2
Q

What disease is caused by parainfluenza virus?

A

Croup

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3
Q

What disease is caused by RSV?

A

Bronchiolitis in babies

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4
Q

What paramyxovirus is associated with pulses paradoxus?

A

Parainfluenza secondary to upper airway obstruction

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5
Q

Describe croup.

A

Barking cough

Inspiratory stridor

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6
Q

What effect can croup have on blood pH?

A

Respiratory acidosis

Obstruction of airway

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7
Q

Inspiratory stridor is not only due to croup. For instance it could be due to foreign body aspiration. What other infectious disease is commonly associated with inspiratory stridor and what is the MC causative organism?

A

Epiglottitis- H. influenzae

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8
Q

What is the classic finding on anterior x-ray of neck in a child with croup?

A

Steeple sign- mucosal edema

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9
Q

What is the treatment for croup?

A

Dexamethasone
Nebulized epinepherine
Cold humidifier

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10
Q

Detail the symptoms of measles.

A

Cough
Conjunctivitis
Coryza (runny nose)

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11
Q

What are the dermatologic findings of measles?

A

Koplik spots- bright red spots, white center on buccal mucosa
Maculopapular rash
(Kolpik spots precede rash)

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12
Q

A child presents with Measles. A lymph node biopsy is taken. What do you expect to see?

A

Warthin-Finkeldey multinucleated giant cells

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13
Q

What vitamin reduces morbidity and mortality of measles?

A

Vitamin A

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14
Q

What are possible sequela of measles infection?

A

Encephalitis
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
Giant cell pneumonia

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15
Q

What are the symptoms of mumps infection?

A

Parotitis
Orchitis
Meningitis
Pancreatitis

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16
Q

How can you diagnose RSV?

A

Nasopharyngeal wash

Detect antigen

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17
Q

Detail the genome structure of coronaviruses.

A

SS
+
RNA
Linear

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18
Q

Detail the genome structure of paramyxoviruses.

A

RNA
Linear

19
Q

Do coronaviruses have an envelope?

A

Yes

20
Q

Do paramyxoviruses have an envelope?

A

Yes

21
Q

Detail the capsid symmetry of coronaviruses.

A

Helical

22
Q

Detail the capsid symmetry of paramyxoviruses.

A

Helical

23
Q

What viral family do MERS and SARS belong to?

A

Coronaviruses

24
Q

All paramyxoviruses contain F protein. What is the effect of F protein?

A

Causes fusion of epithelial cells to form multinucleated giant cells

25
Q

What monoclonal antibody can be given to premature infants to prevent pneumonia caused by RSV?

A

Palivizumab

26
Q

What viral family do influenza viruses belong to?

A

Orthomyxoviruses

27
Q

Do influenza viruses have an envelope?

A

Yes

28
Q

Detail the structure of the influenza genome.

A

Linear
8 segments

29
Q

Detail the capsid symmetry of orthomyxoviruses.

A

Helical

30
Q

All RNA viruses replicate in the cytosol except, however, there are 2 exceptions. What are these exceptions?

A

Influenza Retrovirus

31
Q

Patients who contract influenza viruses are at risk of fatal bacterial superinfection. What are the most common organisms responsible for bacterial superinfection?

A

S. aureus
S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae

32
Q

Contrast the cause of genetic shift with genetic drift.

A

Shift is due to reassortment of viral genome segments.
Shift causes pandemics.
Shift is more deadly than drift.
Shift occurs in influenza A.
Drift is due to random mutations in hemagglutinin or neuraminidase.

33
Q

Detail the function of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase.

A

Hemagglutinin- promotes viral entry

Neuraminidase- promotes progeny virion release

34
Q

What is the most common cause of the common cold?

A

Rhinovirus

35
Q

How many major antigenic sub-types are there of neuraminidase and hemagglutinin?

A

NA- 9

HA- 13

36
Q

What influenza type can infect many animal species?

A

A

37
Q

What influenza types do we vaccinate against?

A

A

B

38
Q

What is the leading cause of death due to influenza?

A

Secondary bacterial infection (pneumonia)

39
Q

What drugs are used as neuraminidase inhibitors?

A

Zanamivir

Oseltamivir

40
Q

What drugs are no longer used to treat influenza due to resistance?

A

Amantadine

Rimantadine

41
Q

Although amantadine is no longer used to treat influenza it is still useful to treat what condition?

A

Parkinson disease- increased dopamine release and inhibits uptake

42
Q

What is the receptor for measles virus?

A

CD46- complement receptor

allows for disseminated infection of Measles virus

43
Q

What is the most common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in those under 1 year of age?

A

RSV

ID (28 decks)

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