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Microbiology > Zoonotic and Vector-borne Bacterial Infections II > Flashcards

Zoonotic and Vector-borne Bacterial Infections II Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q 
Borrelia:
Gram stain
Shape
Aerobic ability
Diseases caused (2)
A
  1. Neither gram positive nor negative
  2. Long Spirochete
  3. Microaerophilic
  4. Causes Lyme disease and Relapsing Fever
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2
Q

What species of borrelia causes Lyme Disease in U.S.?

A

Borrelia burgdoferi

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3
Q

What is major vector for Lyme Disease?

A

Lxodes spp. of ticks

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4
Q

Stages of Lyme Disease (3)

A

Early stage 1 develops rapidly- localized infection
Stage 2- Disseminated infection
Chronic stage 3 develops 2-3 years after primary infection (persistent infection)

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5
Q

Early infection, stage 1 of Lyme disease:
Lesion
Symptoms (6)

A

Bulls-eye rash

Malaise, fever, HA, fatigue, myalgia, and lymphadenopathy

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6
Q

Stage 2 Lyme Disease symptoms and timing

A
  1. Begins 3-5 weeks after bite

2. Arthralgia, myalgia, cardiac dysfunction, CNS symptoms, meningitis, and encephalitis

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7
Q

Late, Stage 3 Lyme Disease

Symptoms

A
  1. One or more joints affected with arthritis
  2. Skin discoloration and swelling
  3. Neurological complaints
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8
Q

Lyme disease diagnosis

A

Diagnosis is based on symptoms, physical findings, and history.
Serology and culture are of limited use

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9
Q

Lyme disease treatment (DAC)

  1. Early stages
  2. Late Stage
A
  1. Early: doxycycline, amoxicillin, or cefuroxime

2. Late: doxycycline, amoxicillin, or ceftriaxone

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10
Q

Relapsing Fever:
Gram stain
Shape
Types (2) and cause of that type

A
  1. Poor staining, gram negative
  2. Spirochetes
  3. Epidemic Type (louse borne)
    Endemic Type (tick borne)
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11
Q

How does relapsing fever evade the immune system?

A

Antigenic variation

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12
Q

Epidemiology:
Endemic relapsing fever
Epidemic relapsing fever

A

Endemic is tick borne, zoonotic, and prevalent in Africa

Epidemic is NOT zoonotic and is transmitted from human to human via louse. Restricted to North Africa and South America

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13
Q

Relapsing fever clinical progression and presentation

A

Presents as flu-like, possibly with splenomegaly and hepatomegaly.
Symptoms last 3-7 days, resolve, and return after 7 days due to antigenic variation

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14
Q

Relapsing Fever diagnosis and treatment

A

Diagnosis: microscopy, culture, and/or serology
Treatment: tetracycline or erythromycin

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15
Q

Rickettsia:
Gram stain
Shape
Cellular location

A

Very small gram negative coccobacilli (difficult to stain)

Obligate intracellular pathogens

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16
Q

Rickettisa manifestations
Skin
Systemic

A

Skin- inflammation, thrombosis, rash, petechial lesion

Systemic- vascular lesions throughout the body

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17
Q

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Causative agent
Vectored by (2)

A

Rickettsia rickettsii
Dog tick (east of rocky mountains and pacific coast)
Rocky Mountain Wood Tick (rockies)

18
Q

When do most cases of RMSF occur?

Where do most cases of RMSF occur?

A

> 90% of cases reported between April and September

>50% in South Atlantic

19
Q

RMSF presentation:

A

Initially presents with fever then 2-5 days later, rash shows up and it is ready to party

20
Q

Untreated RMSF symptoms (6)

A

DIC, thrombocytopenia, pulmonary edema, renal failure, GI hemorrhage, and shock

So hell basically…an actual real hell

21
Q

RMSF Diagnosis (2)

A

Clinical presentation and hx

Serology

22
Q

RMSF treatment

A

Doxycycline is the drug of choice…boom…micro’ed

23
Q

Ehrlichiosis
Gram stain
Shape
Cellular location

A

Small, gram negative intracellular pathogens that parasitize monocytes and granulocytes

24
Q

Ehrlichiosis:

Replicate and form colonies within vacuoles known as…

A

MORULAE

25
Q

Types of Ehrlichiosis (2)

A

Human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME)

Human gradulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE)

26
Q

Principle vectors of HME and HGE

A

HME: Lone Star Tick
HGE: Lxodes ticks

27
Q

How do 60% of ehrlichiosis infections present?

How do the other 40% present?

A
  1. Asymptomatic or non-specific viral illness

2. Severe enough to require hospitalization

28
Q

Ehrlichiosis: diagnosis and treatment

A

Serology and molecular techniques

Treat with doxycycline

29
Q

Query fever is caused by?

A

Coxiella burnetii

30
Q 
Q Fever:
gram stain
shape
forms
cellular location
A

gram negative
small and pleomorphic
small and large-cell variants
Intracellular bacteria…they be all up in macrophages and monocytes

31
Q

What do the small cell variants mimic?

A

Spores. They can resist high temps, osmotic pressure, UV light, and can survive in environment for months

32
Q

Which animals are reservoirs for Human Q Fever?

A

Farm animals, dogs, and cats and primary reservoirs for human disease

33
Q

How do humans become infected with Q fever?

A

Contact with placenta or amniotic fluid of infected farm animals, dogs, or cats. Unpasteurized milk and cheese are also sources of infection

34
Q

Types of infection of Q fever (2)?

A

Acute and chronic…look at slides for symptoms

35
Q

Q fever diagnosis, treatment, and prevention

A

Diagnosis: molecular and serological techniques
Treatment: doxycycline
Prevention: inactivated, whole, cell vaccine to high risk individuals

36
Q

Bartonella:
Gram stain
Shape
Human pathogens/diseases (2)

A

Small, curved, gram negative rods
Bartonella quintana- Trench Fever
Bartonella henselae- Cat Scratch Fever

37
Q

Trench Fever:
Transmitted by?
Associated with?
Presentation

A

Transmitted by human body louse through their feces
Associated with poverty, lack of hygiene, and overcrowding
Presents with relapsing fever which recurs every 4-6 days

38
Q

Diagnosis and treatment of Trench Fever?

A

Diagnosis: serology is best option
Treatment: gentamicin or erythromycin

39
Q

Cat scratch fever:

Transmitted by?

A

Ok..this is a bit weird

Patient gets bitten or scratched by a cat and flea feces from fleas on cat get into the bite

40
Q

Cat scratch fever diagnosis and treatment

A

Culture, serology, or molecular analysis

Treatment is not usually needed. Antibiotic use is questions but if needed, azithromycin is recommended

Microbiology (29 decks)

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