STEP 1- Microbiology systems Flashcards
Meningitis: causes (GEL)
Newborns (3)
Group B strep
E. coli
Listeria
Meningitis: causes
Children (6mo-6years) 4
- S. pneumoniae
- N. meningitidis
- HiB
- Enteroviruses
- *S. pneumo occurs in all age groups except newborns
- *HiB incidence decreasing d/t vaccine. Cases are seen in unimmunized children
Meningitis:
Adults (6years-60) 4
S. pneumo
N. meningitidis
Enteroviruses
HSV– shingles making a comeback
Meningitis:
Elderly (60+) 3
S. pneumo
Gram negative rods (salmonella, e coli, pseudomonas, shigella, klebsiella)
Listeria
Empiric treatment for meningitis (2)
If listeria is suspected?
Ceftriaxone and vancomycin.
Add ampicillin if Listeria suspected
Common causes of viral meningitis (5)
3 of which are related
Enteroviruses HSV-1 (encephalitis) HSV-2 (rarely) HIV VZV
Meningitis in HIV patient (4)
Cryptococcus
CMV
Toxoplasmosis
JC virus
Opening pressure in bacterial, fungal, and viral meningitis
All increased
Viral may be normal or increased
Cell type found in CSF in meningitis for bacterial, fungal, and viral
Bacterial: increased neutrophils
Fungal: increased lymphocytes
Viral: increased lymphocytes
Protein levels in meningitis CSF for bacterial, fungal, and viral
Bacterial and fungal will show INCREASED protein levels.
Viral may be NORMAL or INCREASED
Glucose levels in meningitis CSF for bacterial, fungal, and viral
Bacterial and fungal will show DECREASED glucose levels
Viral will show NORMAL levels of glucose
Most common cause of osteomyelitis
Staph aureus
osteomyelitis–sexually active
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (rare) N. gonorrhoeae more commonly causes septic arthritis, not osteomyelitis
osteomyelitis: diabetics and IV drug user (2)
Pseudomonas or Serratia
osteomyelitis: sickle cell
salmonella
