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Microbiology > STEP 1- UTI, Vaginal infections, STDs, and PID > Flashcards

STEP 1- UTI, Vaginal infections, STDs, and PID Flashcards

1
Q

Cystitis presents with (5)

A 
dysuria
frequency
urgency
suprapubic pain
WBCs (not casts) in urine
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2
Q

Cystitis is primarily caused by what?
Males?
Elderly?

A

Ascension of microbes from urethra into bladder
Males: infants with congenital defects and vesicoureteral reflux
Elderly- enlarged prostate

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3
Q

How does pyelonephritis present?

A

Fever, chills, flank pain, costovertebral tenderness, hematuria, and WBC CASTS

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4
Q

Predisposing factors of UTI (6)

A 
Obstruction
kidney surgery
catheterization** 
GU malformation
diabetes
pregnancy
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5
Q

Diagnostic markers of UTI:
leukocyte esterase test +
nitrite test+

A

leukocyte esterase test + = bacterial UTI

Nitrite test + = gram-NEGATIVE UTI

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6
Q

Leading cause of UTI. Colonies show green metallic sheen on EMB (eosin methylene blue) agar

A

E. coli

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7
Q

2nd leading cause of UTI in sexually active women

A

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

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8
Q

3rd leading cause of UTI.

Large mucoid capsule and viscous colonies

A

Klebsiella pneumonia

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9
Q

Some strains produce a red pigment; often nosocomial and drug resistant (UTI)

A

Serratia marcescens

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10
Q

Often nosocomial and drug resistant (UTI)

A

Enterobacter cloacae

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11
Q

Motility causes “swarming” on agar
produces urease
associated with struvite stones
(UTI)

A

Proteus mirabilis

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12
Q

Blue-green pigment and fruity odor (allegedly)

Usually nosocomial and drug resistant (UTI)

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa

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13
Q

Signs and symptoms of bacterial vaginosis (3)

A

No inflammation

Thin, white discharge with FISHY odor

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14
Q

Lab findings of bacterial vaginosis (2)

A

Clue cells

pH> 4.5

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15
Q

Treatment for bacterial vaginosis (1)

A

Metronidazole

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16
Q

Signs and symptoms of Trichomoniasis:

A

Inflammation

FROTHY, GREY-GREEN, FOUL-SMELLING discharge

17
Q

Lab findings for Trichomoniasis:

A

Motile trichomonads

pH> 4.5

18
Q

Treatment for Trichomoniasis:

A

Metronidazole

Also treat partner

19
Q

Signs and symptoms for Candida vulvovaginitis

A

Inflammation

Thick, white, “COTTAGE CHEESE” discharge

20
Q

Lab findings for Candida vulvovaginitis

A

PSEUDOHYPHAE

pH is normal (4-4.5)

21
Q

Treatment for candid vulvovaginitis

A

-azoles (there’s about a dozen+ that work well)

22
Q

Opportunistic infections
KS lesions
Lymphoma

23
Q

Painful genital ulcers, inguinal adenopathy

A 
Chancroid
Haemophilus ducreyi (you cry with ducreyi)
24
Q

Chlamydia
clinical features (6)
organism

A 
Urethritis
Cervicitis
Conjunctivitis
Reactive arthritis
PID
mucopurulent discharge

Chlamydia trachomatis (D-K)

25
Q

Genital warts and koilocytes

disease and organism

A

Condylomata acuminata:

HPV 6 & 11

26
Q

Painful penile, vulvar, or cervical ulcers

Can cause systemic symptoms such as fever, HA, and myalgia

A

Genital herpes

HSV 2 > HSV 1

27
Q 
Urethritis
Cervicitis
PID
prostatitis
epididymitis
arthritis
"creamy purulent discharge"
A

Gonorrhea

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

28
Q

Jaundice

A

Hepatits B

29
Q

Infection of lymphatics
painless genital ulcers
painful lymphadenopathy

A

Lymphogranuloma venereum

C. trachomatis L1-L3

30
Q

Painless chancre

A

Treponema pallidum

1º syphilis

31
Q

Fever, lymphadenopathy, skin rashes, condylomata lata

A

2º syphilis

32
Q

Gummas, tabes dorsalis, general paresis

aortitis, pupil that accommodates but does’t react

A

3º syphilis

33
Q

Vaginitis
strawberry cervix
motile in wet prep

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

34
Q

Top two bugs that cause PID

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

neisseria gonorrhoeae

35
Q

Three common symptoms of PID

A

Chandelier sign
purulent cervical discharge
PID shuffle

36
Q

Common signs of PID

A

Salpingitis
Endometritis
hydrosalpinx
tubo-ovarian abscess

37
Q

Your patient has been diagnosed with salpingitis due to PID. What is she at risk for? (4)

A
  1. Ectopic pregnancy
  2. infertility
  3. chronic pelvic pain
  4. adhesions
38
Q

If PID remains undiagnosed, what syndrome does it cause?

A

Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome

Microbiology (29 decks)

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