STEP 1- Virology 1

Question 1

There are 3 basic viral structures (naked, capsid, envelop)

Answer 1

1. Naked virus with icosahedral capsid
2. Enveloped virus with icosahedral capsid
3. Enveloped virus with helical capsid

Question 2

What is viral recombination:

Answer 2

Exchange of genes between 2 chromosomes by crossing over within regions of significant base sequence homology
**Similar areas cross over

Question 3

Viral reassortment:
what is the frequency of this
how does this impact the influenza virus

Answer 3

When viruses with segmental genomes exchange segments.
High frequency recombination
Causes worldwide influenza pandemics

Question 4

Viral complementation

Answer 4

When 1 of 2 viruses that co-infect a cell has a mutation that causes it to make a non-functional protein. The non-mutated virus “complements” the mutated one by making the required protein that now serves both viruses

Question 5

Viral phenotypic mixing:

Answer 5

1. Co-infection of a cell from virus A and B
2. Genome of virus A is partially or completely coated with the surface proteins of virus B
3. Type B protein coat determines the tropism (infectivity) of the hybrid virus
4. Progeny of the hybrid virus have a Type A coat and Type A genetic material

**Me thinks this is a way for a less infectious virus to become more infectious without changing its genetic makeup

Question 6

Live-attenuated vaccines vs killed vaccines in terms of kind of immunity elicited

Answer 6

Live-attenuated vaccines induce humoral and cell-mediated immunity
Killed vaccines induce humoral immunity ONLY

Question 7

Booster requirement for vaccines

Answer 7

Not for live-attenuated. Probably for killed

Question 8

Which are the live-attenuated viral vaccines (6)

“Mr. Sabin Nose you should always let Small Yellow Chickens LIVE!”

Answer 8

1. Smallpox
2. Yellow fever
3. Chicken pox (VZV)
4. Sabin polio
5. MMR (Mr.)
6. Influenza (nasal) (nose)

Question 9

Which are the killed viral vaccines? (4)

“RIP Always”

Answer 9

1. Rabies
2. Influenza (injection)
3. Salk Polio
4. HAV

Question 10

Recombinant viral vaccines (2)

The second one has 4 serotypes…which serotypes

Answer 10

1. HBV

2. HPV (types 6, 11, 16, and 18)

Question 11

Which DNA viral genomes are dsDNA?

Answer 11

All of them except Parvoviridae

“Part-of-a-virus”

Question 12

Which DNA viral genomes are linear?

Answer 12

All of them except papillomaviruses, polyomaviruses, and hepadnaviruses

Question 13

What shape are the viral genomes of papillomaviruses, polyomaviruses, and hepadnaviruses?

Answer 13

All circular

Question 14

Which RNA viruses are ssRNA?

Answer 14

All of them except the Reoviridae.

That schmo is dsRNA because its a “REpeatO-virus”

Question 15

What are the positive sense RNA viruses?

I went to a RETRO TOGA party where I drank FLAVORED CORONA and ate HIPPY CALIFORNIA PICKLES

Answer 15

Retrovirus
Togavirus
Flavivirus
Coronavirus
Hepevirus
Calicivirus
Picornavirus

Question 16

What are the negative sense RNA viruses?

“Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication”

Answer 16

Arenaviruses
Bunyaviruses
Paramyxoviruses
Orthomyxoviruses
Filoviruses
Rhabdoviruses

Question 17

Which viruses (DNA and RNA) are naked?

“give PAPP smears and CPR to a NAKED Heppy”

Answer 17

Papillomavirus–DNA
Adenoirus–DNA
Parvovirus–DNA
Polyomavirus–DNA

Calicivirus–RNA
Picornavirus-RNA
Reovirus-RNA
Hepevirus-RNA

Question 18

Name all the DNA viruses

“they are HHAPPPPy viruses!!!”

Answer 18

Hepadna
Herpes
Adeno
Pox
Parvo
Papilloma
Polyoma

Question 19

Which DNA viruses have an icosahedral capsid?

Answer 19

All of them except poxviruses…they are complex

Question 20

Which DNA viruses replicate in the nucleus? Theres one exception…why is it an exception

Answer 20

All of them except poxviruses.

Poxviruses carry their own DNA-dependent RNA polymerase