STEP 1- RNA Viruses 2

Question 1

Yellow Fever virus:
Family and transmitted by
Symptoms (3)

Answer 1

Flavivirus
Transmitted by Aedes mosquito
Symptoms: high fever, black vomitus, jaundice

Question 2

Rotavirus:
Major global cause of what?
Which population? two of their locations?
Pathogenesis?

Answer 2

Major global cause of INFANTILE GASTROENTERITIS
Children: daycare centers and kindergartens
Villous destruction with atrophy leads to DECREASED absorption of Na+ and loss of K+

Question 3

Genetic shift/antigenic shifts in the influenza virus cause?

What does genetic drift cause?

Answer 3

Genetic shifts (sudden) cause pandemics.
Genetic drifts (gradual) cause epidemics

Question 4

Rubella:
Symptoms (4)
Describe the Rubella rash

Answer 4

1. Fever, lymphadenopathy, arthralgias, fine rash

2. Fine macules that start on the face and spread “CENTRIFUGALLY” to involve the trunk and extremities

Question 5

What does congenital rubella cause?

Answer 5

“Blueberry muffin” appearance indicative of extramedullary hematopoiesis

Question 6

Tx for rubella:

Answer 6

Supportive (symptomatic) only

Question 7

Paramyxoviruses all contain surface ____ protein. What does this do?

Answer 7

Surface F protein. Causes respiratory epithelial cells to fuse and form multinucleated cells.

Question 8

What is Palivizumab and what does it do? Which viruses is this effective for?

Answer 8

“Palivizumab” is a monoclonal antibody against the F protein that is ued to prevent pneumonia caused by RSV infection in premature infants

Paramyxoviruses

Question 9

Characteristics of measles: 2

Answer 9

1. Klopik spots

2. Descending maculopapular rash

Question 10

Late complications of measles

Answer 10

1. SSPE- subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
2. Encephalitis
3. GIant cell pneumona

Question 11

What in the hell is a Klopik spots? Timing of the rash and the Klopik spots

Answer 11

Bright red spot with blue-white center on buccal mucosa that precedes the measles rash by 1-2 days

Question 12

Mumps symptoms:

Mumps makes your parotids and balls as big as POMS-poms

Answer 12

P- parotitis
O- orchitis
M- Meningitis
S- sterility

Question 13

Rabies virus:
Look for what finding on microscopy? Which cells show this?
Incubation period?
Post-exposure treatment? (3)

Answer 13

1. Look for NEGRI bodies–commonly found in Purkinje cells of the cerebellum and hippocampus
2. Incubation period is long: weeks to months
3. wound cleansing, vaccine, rabies immunoglobin

Question 14

How does rabies travel in the body post-infection?

Answer 14

Travels to the CNS by migrating in a retrograde fashion up the nerve axon

Question 15

Progression of rabies disease:

Answer 15

fever, malaise –> agitation, photophobia, hydrophobia–> paralysis, coma –> death

Question 16

What is the best test to detect ACTIVE hep A infection?

Answer 16

Anti-HAV (IgM)

Question 17

Which test detects prior hep A infection or vaccine?

Answer 17

Anti-HAV (IgG)

Question 18

What serologic marker indicates hep B infection?

Answer 18

HBsAg (Hep B surface antigen)

Question 19

What serologic marker indicates immunity to hep B?

Answer 19

Anti-HBs

Question 20

What is HBcAg? What does it indicate?

Answer 20

Antigen associated with core of HBV.

Active viral replication

Question 21

What is ANti-HBc? what do the IgM and IgG indicate? When is this positive?

Answer 21

Anti-HBc is the antibody to HBcAg.
IgM indicates an acute/recent infection
IgG indicates prior exposure or chronic infection
Positive during window period

Question 22

What is HBeAg? what does it indicate?

Answer 22

Second, different antigenic determinant in the HBV core. Indicates active viral replication and high transmissibility

Question 23

What is Anti-HBe? What does it indicate?

Answer 23

Ab to HBeAg; indicates low transmissibility

Question 24

what is the “window period” in terms of HBV?

Answer 24

During the window period (or equivalence zone) of hepatitis B, both serological markers HBsAg (Hepatitis B surface antigen) and Anti-HBs (antibody against HBsAg) are negative (which is because, although Anti-HBs are present, they are actively bound to the HBsAg).