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Microbiology > STEP 1 Protozoa 2 > Flashcards

STEP 1 Protozoa 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Three types of malaria

How do they all present?

A

Plasmodium vivax/ovale
P. falciparum
P. malariae
*All present with RECURRENT FEVER, HA, ANEMIA, and splenomegaly

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2
Q

How does vivax/ovale fever present?

What is really important to know about vivax/ovale that has a massive impact on treatment?

A

48hr tertian fever–fever on 1st and 3rd day

**HYPNOZOITE (dormant form) lives in the LIVER and must be slain

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3
Q

How does falciprarum fever present? Why is this one the most severe?

A
  1. Severe, irregular fever patterns

2. **Parasitized RBCs clog capillaries in the brain (cerebral malaria), kidney, and lungs

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4
Q

How does the malariae fever present?

A

Every 72 hours

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5
Q

How is all malaria transmitted?

A

Anopheles mosquito

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6
Q

How is malaria diagnosed?

A

Blood smear…looking for trophozoite rings within RBCs

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7
Q

First-line treatment for malaria? How does this drug work

A
  1. Chloroquine

2. blocks plasmodium heme polymerase

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8
Q

Treatment for malaria resistant to chloroquine? Which species is this used for?

A
  1. Mefloquine or atovaquone/proguanil (malarone)

2. Falciparum or chloroquine resistant

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9
Q

If malaria infection becomes life-threatening…how to treat? what must be done first?

A

IV quinidine…test for G6PD deficiency

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10
Q

If vivax/ovale infection, how to treat? Why this way? What must be done first?

A
  1. Use chloroquine or malarone
  2. add PRIMAQUINE for the hypnozoite form
  3. Must test for G6PD deficiency first
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11
Q

What happens if you treat a malaria pt. with Quinidine or Primaquine and the patient has a G6PD deficiency?

A

Acute hemolysis

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12
Q

Babesia is the causative agent for what?

A

Babesiosis

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13
Q

Clinical presentation of Babesiosis? Where does this predominantly occur in the US?

A

Fever and hemolytic anemia.

Northeastern US

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14
Q

Which patients are at increased risk of severe Babesiosis?

A

Asplenic patients

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15
Q

Transmission of Babesia?

A

Ixodes tick

  • *Same tick that transmits Lyme Disease
  • *Co-infection may occur
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16
Q

Two ways to diagnose Babesiosis?

A

Blood smear

PCR

17
Q

What is seen on a blood smear for babesiosis?

A
  1. Ring form

2. “Maltese Cross”

18
Q

How to treat babesiosis?
2 different combinations
Combo #1- STEP 1
Combo #2- DiT and UptoDate

A
  1. Atovaquone and Azithromycin

2. Quinine and Clindamycin

19
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi causes which disease?

A

Chagas disease

20
Q

Clinical presentation Chagas disease? Location?

A
  1. Dilated cardiomyopathy
  2. Megacolon
  3. Megaesophagus
    Occurs primarily in S. America
21
Q

Transmission of T. cruzi?

A

Reduviid bug bites and poops in the wound

22
Q

Diagnosis of Chagas?

A

Blood smear

23
Q

Tx of Chagas? 2 possible

A
  1. Benznidazole OR

2. Nifurtimox

24
Q

Leishmania donovani causes what?

A

Visceral or cutaneous leishmaniasis

25
Q

Clinical presentation of visceral leishmaniasis?

A

Spiking fevers
Hepatosplenomegaly
Pancytopenia

26
Q

Transmission of leishmania?

A

Sandfly

27
Q

Diagnosis of leishmaniasis?

A

Blood smear. Looking for macrophages containing AMASTIGOTES (mature form of leishmania that lack flagella)

28
Q

Tx of leishmaniasis? 2 possible

A 
Amphotericin B (visceral)
Sodium Stibogluconate (cutaneous)
**Not on STEP 1 but MOA for SS is  directly inhibits DNA topoisomerase I leading to inhibition of both DNA replication and transcription.
29
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis causes what?

A

Vaginitis…this is considered an STD…unlike Garnerella vaginalis

30
Q

Clinical presentation of T. vaginalis?

A

Foul-smelling, frothy, greenish discharge

Itching and burning

31
Q

Transmission of T. vaginalis?

A

Sex

32
Q

Diagnosis of T. vaginalis? 2

A
  1. Trophozoites on wet mount

2. Strawberry cervix (15% of patients)

Microbiology (29 decks)

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