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Microbiology > TORCHES, rashes of childhood, and unimmunized children > Flashcards

TORCHES, rashes of childhood, and unimmunized children Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Non-specific signs common to many TORCHES infections (4)

A

Hepatosplenomegaly
Jaundice
Thrombocytopenia
Growth retardation

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2
Q

Transmission of toxoplasmosis

A

Cat feces

ingestion of undercooked meat

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3
Q

Maternal manifestations of toxoplasmosis

A

Usually asymptomatic

Sometimes lymphadenopathy

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4
Q

Neonate manifestations of toxo

A

Triad: chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, “multiple ring-enhancing lesions on CT”

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5
Q

Names the TORCHES infections

A 
Toxoplasma
Rubella
CMV
HIV
HSV 2
Syphilis
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6
Q

Which TORCHES infections are screened for? Which aren’t?

A

Screen for rubella, HIV, HSV, and syhpilis

Do NOT screen for Toxo or CMV

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7
Q

Transmission of rubella

A

Respiratory droplets

Vertically from mother from 1 month prior to conception through 2nd term

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8
Q

Maternal manifestations of rubella

A

Rash, lymphadenopathy, and arthritis

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9
Q

Neonate manifestation of rubella

A

Triad: PDA (or pulmonary artery hypoplasia, or any form of congenital heart disease), cataracts, and deafness
+/- blueberry muffin rash

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10
Q

CMV transmission

A

Sexual contact, organ transplants, or infected secretions

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11
Q

Maternal CMV

A

90% are asymptomatic

Mono-like symptoms

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12
Q

Neonatal CMV

A

Periventricular calcifications
Chorioretinitis
Hearing loss
Petechiae

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13
Q

Transmission of HIV

A

Sexual contact, infected secretions, needlestick

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14
Q

Neonate HIV

A

Recurrent infections

Chronic diarrhea

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15
Q

HSV 2 transmission

A

Skin or mucous membrane contact

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16
Q

Neonatal HSV 2
Week 1
Week 2
Week 3

A

Week 1: Shock and DIC
Week 2: Vesicular skin lesions
Week 3: Encephalitis (33%)

17
Q

Syphilis transmission

A

Sexual contact

18
Q

Maternal syphilis

A

1º and 2º are mostly likely stages to result in fetal infection

19
Q

Neonate syphilis

A

Rash on pals and soles
Snuffles
Often causes stillbirth or hydrops fetalis
Facial abnormalities (notched teeth, saddle nose, short maxilla)
Saber shins
CN VIII deafness

20
Q

Vesicular rash on palms and soles
Vesicles and ulcers on oral mucosa

Cause and associated disease

A

Coxsackievirus A

Hand foot and mouth disease

21
Q

Macular rash over body appears after several days of high fever.
Can present with febrile seizures.
Usually affects infants

Cause and associated disease

A

HHV-6

Roseola

22
Q

Rash that begins at head and moves downward

Rash is preceded by cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, and blue-white spots on buccal mucosa

A

Measles virus

Rubeola

23
Q

“slapped cheek” rash on face.

Can cause hydrops fetals in pregnant women

A 
Parvovirus B19
Erythema infectiosum (5th disease)
24
Q

Rash begins at head and moves downward.
Fine truncal rash
Post-auricular lymphadenopathy

A

Rubella virus

rubella

25
Q

Erythematous, sandpaper-like rash with fever and sore throat

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

Scarlet fever

26
Q

Vesicular rash that begins on trunk; spreads to face and extremities with lesions of different ages

A

VZV

Chickenpox

27
Q

Causes meningitis. The microbe colonizes the oropharynx

A

HiB

28
Q

Causes meningitis. Microbe may also lead to myalgia and paralysis

A

Poliovirus

29
Q

Fever with dysphagia, drooling, and difficulty breathing

A

HiB-> epiglottitis

look for “cherry red” epiglottis

30
Q

The diphtheria toxin does what that is considered truly deadly?

A

Elaborates the toxin that causes necrosis in the pharynx, cardiac, and CNS tissue

31
Q

Best initial test for Toxo?

Most accurate test for Toxo?

A
  1. Elevated IgM to toxoplasma

2. Most accurate is PCR to toxo

32
Q

Best initial test for syphilis?

Most accurate test for syphilis?

A
  1. initial: VDRL or RPR

2. accurate: FTA ABS or dark field microscopy

33
Q

Rubella testing (1)

A

Maternal IgM status

34
Q

CMV initial test

Most accurate CMV test

A
  1. initial: urine or saliva viral titers

2. accurate: urine of saliva for PCR for viral DNA

35
Q

Herpes: initial and most accurate

A
  1. initial: Tzanck smear

2. accurate: PCR

Microbiology (29 decks)

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