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Microbiology > STEP 1 Gram Positive Bacteria 1 > Flashcards

STEP 1 Gram Positive Bacteria 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Staphylococcus Aureus

  1. Shape and stain
  2. Virulence Factor and how it works
A

Gram positive cocci in clusters
Catalase +
Coagulase +
Protein A Virulence factor–binds Fc-IgG, inhibits complement activation and phagocytosis

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2
Q

Staph aureus causes which types of diseases (3)

A

Inflammatory disease, toxin-mediated disease, MRSA

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3
Q

Staph aureus inflammatory infections (5)

A
  1. Skin infections
  2. Organ abscesses
  3. Pneumonia (usually after influenza virus)
  4. Endocarditis
  5. Osteomyelitis
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4
Q

Staph aureus toxin-mediated disease (3)

A
  1. Toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1)
  2. Scalded skin syndrome
  3. Rapid-onset food poisoning (enterotoxins)
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5
Q

How is MRSA resistant to PCN and nafcillin?

A

Altered penicillin-binding proteins

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6
Q 
How does TSST work?
Symptoms (5 total but 3 major)
Predisposition from (2)
A

Superantigen that binds MHC II and T-cell receptor, resulting in polyclonal T-cell activation.
Causes: fever, vomiting, desquamination, shock, and end-organ failure
Predisposed by vaginal or nasal tampons

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7
Q

S. aureus food poisoning:
ingestion of?
incubation?
toxin stability?

A

Ingestion of pre-formed spores
Short incubation (2-6hours)
Toxin is heat stable so NOT destroyed by cooking

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8
Q

Staphylococcus epidermis characteristics

gram, shape, catalase, sensitivity, coagulase

A

Gram + Cocci in clusters
Catalase +
Novobiocin sensitive
coagulase -

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9
Q

Staph epidermis commonly infects what? It’s something nearly every patient in a hospital has

A

Infects prosthetic devices and IV catheters by producing adherent biofilms

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10
Q

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

gram, shape, catalase, coagulase, resistance (this is what sets it apart from s. epidermis)

A

Gram + cocci
Catalase +
Coagulase -
Novobiocin resistant

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11
Q

Staphylococcus saprophyticus:

2nd most common cause of what?

A

Second most common cause of UTI in young women. First would be E.Coli

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12
Q

Streptpcoccus pneumoniae

gram, shape, catalase, hemolysis, capsule?, sensitivity, GI susceptibility, protease

A 
Gram + cocci in chains (lancet shaped diplococci)
Catalase -
Alpha hemolysis
Capsule present
Optochin sensitive
Bile soluble (lysed by bile)
IgA protease
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13
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae is most common cause of what? (4)

A

Meningitis
Otitis Media (in children)
Pneumonia
Sinusitis

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14
Q

Strep pneumoniae:
sputum color
causes what is sickle cell patients?
Associated with what procedure?

No virulence without?

A
  1. Rusty Sputum
  2. Sepsis in sickle cell anemia
  3. Splenectomy (encapsulated organism)

No virulence without capsule

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15
Q

What is Staphylococcus saprophyticus’s nickname?

A

Honeymooner’s UTI due to its association with sex

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16
Q

Viridans streptococci (2)

A
  1. Streptococci mutans

2. Streptococci sanguinins

17
Q

Viridans streptococci:
gram, shape, catalase, and hemolysis
normal colonization location

A

Gram positive cocci
Catalase negative, coagulase negative
Alpha-hemolytic
Colonize the oropharynx

18
Q

S. mutans causes what?

A

Dental caries

19
Q

S. sanguinins causes what? How?

A

Subacute bacterial endocarditis.

S. Sanguinins makes dextrans, which bind to fibrin-platelet aggregates on damaged heart valves

20
Q

Viridans streptococci are resistant to which chemical? How is this helpful when dealing with S. pneumo?

A

Optochin resistant.

S. pneumo is optochin sensitive

21
Q 
Streptococcus pyogenes (group A strep)
gram, shape, catalase, hemolysis, coagulase
A

Gram positive cocci
Catalase and coagulase negative
B-hemolysis (clear hemolysis)

22
Q

S. pyogenes causes three types of infections

A
  1. Pyogenic
  2. Toxigenic
  3. Immunologic
23
Q

S. pyogenes pyogenic infections (3)

A

pharyngitis, cellulitis, and impetigo

24
Q

S. pyogenes toxigenic infections (3)

A

scarlet fever, toxic shock-like syndrome, necrotizing fasciitis

25
Q

S. pyogenes immunologic consequences (2)

A

rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis

26
Q

S. pyogenes (GAS) is sensitive to…

A

bacitracin

27
Q

How does rheumatic fever come about?

A

Antibodies to M protein (of GAS) enhance host defenses against S. pyogenes but can give rise to rheumatic fever via cross reactivity against heart muscle

28
Q

What is the JONES criteria for rheumatic fever?

A 
J-Joints (polyarthritis)
O-that's supposed to be a heart (carditis)
N-Nodules (subcutaneous)
E-Erythema marginatum
S-Sydenham chorea

Microbiology (29 decks)

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