Youth Subcultures Flashcards
When did Youth Culture emerge?
When compulsory secondary education was brought in in 1944, it stretched childhood up to 15.
Why did Teddy Boys develop?
Developed in the 1950’s, they were consumer and style conscious and wanted to shock their parents. Valued aggression and violence with the aim of reasserting their masculinity.
What were key characteristics/features of the Teddy Boys?
Edwardian clothing, hair was important had a large quiff, platform shoes. Was a deviant subculture.
What were the class/gender/ethnicity of Teddy Boys?
Working class white males. Few girls
Why did the Hippie subculture develop?
Emerged in 1960’s due to anti-capitalist views. Emerged in US especially due to anti-war views.
What were key characteristics/features of Hippies?
Floral clothes, long hair, natural living. Took psychedelic drugs like LSD and ketamine. Were anti-capitalist and for equal human rights.
What were class/gender/ethnicity of Hippies?
Mostly middle class, both genders, mostly white but didn’t discriminate to others
Why did the Skinheads subculture develop?
Emerged from 1960’s-1980’s in England as a reaction to high unemployment.
What were key characteristics/features of Skinheads?
Short hair, dark clothes, jeans, doc marten boots. They were territorial (local pub), hegemonic masculinity, racist, occasional neo-Nazis
What were the class/gender/ethnicity of Skinheads?
White working class males
Why did the Mods subculture develop?
Developed in the 60’s-70’s in Britain, heavily focused on music and fashion. Listened to modern jazz style music.
What were key characteristics/features of Mods?
Wore suits, desert boots, cared about their appearance and often feminised. Partied a lot and often took pills like amphetamine to stay awake. Rode mopeds, listeners to softer music like Jazz and the Beatles.
What were the class/gender/ethnicity of the Mods?
Mostly middle and working class white males, but did accept other ethnicities.
Why did the Rockers subculture develop?
Emerged in 60’s-70’s and were influenced by 50’s Rock and Roll in America.
What were key characteristics/features of Rockets?
Leather jackets, pointed shoes. Listened to hard rock like Rolling Stones or Elvia Presley. Rode motorbikes
What were the class/gender/ethnicity of Rockers?
Started off as middle class but spread to working class. Mainly white males
Why did the Rastafarians subculture develop?
Developed in 70’s by Rastafarian religion of Jamaica who tried to suit their lives in Britain. Faces racism and high unemployment, formed a unique identity as a way of resisting this
What were characteristics/features of Rastafarians?
Dreadlocks, hats called tams, long dress like clothes made of natural fibres and often red, gold and black. Listened to hymns and reggae, smoked cannabis, read the Bible, didn’t drink alcohol. Rejected white culture and was done as a response to the ‘Back to Africa’ campaign.
What were the class/gender/ethnicity of Rastafarians?
Mostly black working class males, some were women. A lot from the Caribbean.
Why did the Punk subculture develop?
Developed in 70’s aimed to shock and make political statements, this was reflected through rock music and lyrics. Aimed to be inclusive.
What are characteristics/features of punks?
Dark, ripped clothes with chains. Punk rock music, influenced from Sex Pistols. Non conformity but stand up for gender equality and against racism.
What was the class/gender/ethnicity of Punks?
Working class and middle class mainly white. A lot were art students, females and males.
Why did the Goth subculture develop?
Emerged from 80’s-00’s as part of a goth rock scene. Common interests in music, but used the internet and online forums to communicate with each other.
What were characteristics/features of Goths?
Dark morbid dress like clothes and dark makeup. Gothic Rock, The Cure. Introvert behaviour, rejected society and it’s ideas on gender and sexuality.
What were the class/gender/ethnicity of Goths?
Male and female, mostly middle class, had a great diversity
Why did the Ravers subculture develop?
Emerged in 90’s due to a shared interest in house music. Often illegal raves hosted in large empty spaces like run down warehouses.
What were the characteristics/features of Ravers?
Bright neon clothes, added textures/DIY on clothes to stand out. Would organise parties with techno music. Took drugs like ecstasy, LSD and MDMA.
What were the class/gender/ethnicity of Ravers?
Anyone, most people were involved
Why did the Skaters subculture develop?
Emerged through local authorities creating areas for youths with facilities such as skate ramps.
What were characteristics/features of Skaters?
Baseball jerseys, converse, short sleeve shirts and rolled up jeans. Punk Rock music like Green Day or Linkin Park
What were the class/gender/ethnicity of Skaters?
Mostly working and middle class males but didn’t discriminate
What is meant by Resistance, which theory does it follow and give some examples?
Follows Marxist theory, said by Hall and Jefferson that subcultures could reject and resist dominant culture. React against crisis of capitalism, high unemployment, low wages and racism. All done by means of repression. Examples are Teddy Boys, Skinheads and Rastafarians
What is meant by Magical Solution, which theory does it come from and give some examples?
Comes from Marxism, Brake argues subcultures allow freedom, experimentation and optimism that things can change. Examples are Punks and Hippies. Membership protects members from social and economic problems experienced by working class youth.
What is Exaggeration, what theory does it come from and give some examples?
Comes from Marxism,
Mods exaggerated style
Skinheads exaggerated protection over community
