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Sociology > Globalisation > Flashcards

Globalisation Flashcards

1
Q

What is Globalisation?

A
  • People are becoming increasingly connected on a global scale due to communication and transportation
  • Led to national boundaries becoming less significant, businesses being able to operate international and an economy with a global dimension
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2
Q

Explain the debate over Globalisation being Americanisation

A
  • Globalisation ‘has an American face, wears Mickey Mouse ears, eats Big Macs and drinks Coca-Cola’ - Friedman (Amazon, Apple, Mcdonalds)
  • Since collapse of Soviet Union most countries have taken on capitalism
  • However other countries do influence America like K-Pop being popular (Korean) Spybey
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3
Q

Give some examples about increase in technology

A
  • In UK there’s 124 mobile phones per 100 people compared to 54 per 100 people in Botswana
  • 92% of people in UK access the internet compared to 3.8% in the Democratic Of Congo
  • 3.81 billion active internet users and 2.91 billion social media users
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4
Q

What is the global village?

McLuhan

A

•People can now create relationships with people online across the globe

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5
Q

Controversies linked to the global village

A
  • Catfishing

* More likely to receive abuse

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6
Q

How does a Networked Global society help with social capital?

A
  • Those who have access to the online world receive greater rewards like employability
  • More likely to meet more people who can help you
  • LinkedIn is a website that helps individuals enhance their employment based connections
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7
Q

Negative consequences of a global network

A
  • We rely on social networks and feel powerless without them meaning they ‘hold power’ - Castells
  • People at the bottom who can’t offer the network or even access the network are excluded
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8
Q

What is Media Convergence?

A
  • Separate forms of media can now be accessed through one device or website - Boyle
  • Social media websites linked - can access your Facebook friends through Instagram
  • Companies can advertise on a range of platforms promoting capitalist ideas like the pursuit of profit, private ownership and material objects
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9
Q

Give some social media statistics from 2014

A
  • 15 million Twitter users in the UK
  • 31 million Facebook users in the UK
  • 20 million LinkedIn users globally
  • Pinterest and Instagram were the fastest growing social media platforms and used by more women
  • Average Snapchat users were 12-20 with 70% being female
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10
Q

Where is Cultural homogenisation in social networks?

A

Western influences are heavily seen in social media websites. English is he most common language found on the internet. This means western culture is threatening to dominate other cultures

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11
Q

What parts of Westernisation are being dominated in social networks?

A
  • Consumerism - people’s identities being shaped by products and the social status around them
  • Secular ideas - creating a non-religious and scientific view
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12
Q

What do Fairweather and Rogerson say cultural homogenisation is occurring due to?

A
  • Computer software not being localised
  • Advertising by the West on what is ‘desirable’
  • Antisocial behaviour
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13
Q

What does Zhao say about internet activities?

A
  • Social activities have positive effects on social ties which strengthen relationships
  • Individual activities like surfing the internet doesn’t create a relationship
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14
Q

What did Kraut et al say about Social networks?

A
  • The internet helps maintain and develop social relationships
  • But online relationships are weaker than offline ones
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15
Q

What did Feld say about social networks?

A
  • People use social networks as a way of evaluating themselves and others
  • Helps shape Identity
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16
Q

What is the Goldilocks effect?

Turkle

A

We control how much we interact with each other

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17
Q

What did Shaw and Gant say about social networks?

A

Internet use was found to decrease loneliness and depression significantly as well as increase self esteem

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18
Q

What did Goffman say about social networks?

A
  • ’Presentation Of self’
  • We create multiple roles and multiple identities
  • Create ‘masks’ like avatars
  • ’Impression management’ where people hide certain personality traits and over emphasise others
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19
Q

What did Ellison say about social networks?

A
  • We can adopt multiple online personalities

* Online identities can impact peoples offline lives in positive and negative ways

20
Q

What did the 2014 Ofcom Report find about age and digital communication?

A
  • More UK adults are going online
  • Over 8 in 10 adults go online
  • 6 in 10 adults use a smartphone
  • 2/3 of online adults have a current social networking site profile
  • Attitudes towards privacy and security vary considerably by age groups
21
Q

What did Garside say about generational differences in digital communication?

A
  • Average 6 year old knows more than a 45 year Old
  • Young people are shaping digital communication which could change older people’s habits
  • Marxists would argue technology is another way we are controlled by capitalists
22
Q

What did Boyle say about digital communication?

A

There is a ‘digital generation divide’ between the old who are less likely to use new technologies and the young who are reliant on it for their day to day lives

23
Q

What did Berry say about digital communication?

A
  • Older users have lack of skills or interest and face psychological barriers
  • Of the other 65s who use the internet only 59% use it every day
  • 79% Of households below state pension age have internet access compared to 37% above the state pension age
24
Q

What did Mertens and D’Haenens say about digital communication?

A
  • Social Class was the biggest factor affecting digital inequality as opposed to issues based on gender or ethnicity
  • 81% of Lower classes use the internet compared to 94% of middle class
  • Lower class use it more for entertainment and middle class for businesses
25
Q

What did Li and Kirkup find about digital communication?

A
  • Studied 220 Chinese students and 245 British students
  • Used self report survey questionnaire
  • Found men in both counties were more likely to use email or chat rooms, men play more computer games and were more confident than women with their computer skills
26
Q

What was the Demos Study?

A

Monitored the use of the words ‘slut’ and ‘whore’ by UK twitter users over a 3 week period. Found 6,500 users were targeted by 10,000 explicitly aggressive and misogynistic tweets

27
Q

Give some examples of gender inequality in digital communication

A
  • List of Britain’s top 100 Influential twitter users in 2013 contained 17 women
  • 13% of Wikipedia contributions were made by women by 2011
  • Women represent under a fifth of IT managers in 2013
28
Q

What does Arlaccki say about Globalisation?

A
  • Organised exploitation is one of the biggest consequences of Globalisation
  • Risk of becoming commodities though crime rings and trafficking etc
29
Q

What does Hughes say about digital communication?

A
  • Digital communication reproduces patriarchy
  • Done through sex exploitation with bride trafficking and sex tourism
  • More info about buying prostitutes or live sex shows online now
30
Q

What does Haraway say about digital communication?

A
  • Women should be Part of the technological advance
  • Women can change their identities rather than conforming to patriarchal ideas
  • Technology helps people become part human part machine (cyborgs)
31
Q

What did Nakuamura say about digital communication?

A
  • Can Be Used by women of different ethnic and class backgrounds
  • Used by women as a forum for support when they face discrimination and inequality
32
Q

Explain the Marxist view of De-regulation of the media due to digital communication

A
  • Not regulated by the state but private companies
  • Lack Of social control over what is produced
  • Little financial incentive to protect vulnerable people (women/children) so do little to stop their exploitation online
  • Shaped people to accept capitalism
33
Q

Explain the Marxist view of a new form of surveillance due to digital communication

A

•Capitalists Make us believe we have freedom and equality online but it’s just another way they make money and control us (Cornford and Robbins)

34
Q

How do Postmodernists view digital communication?

A
  • Interested in how it can be used to create and adapt our individual identity
  • To understand society you must understand the online and offline relationships between people (Collins)
35
Q

What did Bjorkland say about digital communication?

A

People use social media platforms like Facebook to create an ongoing autobiography of themselves, and of how you want other people to see you

36
Q

What does Hart day about digital communication?

A

People are writing and rewriting their lives. You can be seen however you want so usually have a different identity for online and offline

37
Q

What does Case say about digital communication?

A

Young people are faced with a challenge by having their life documented as it can be hard to remove mistakes once they’ve been posted. This is because private data can still be stored online even after being “deleted”

38
Q

What does Foucault say about digital communication?

A

Surveillance can be used to regulate behaviour and reduce crime - for example Google Ads tracks your interests

39
Q

How has digital communication been used to spread religious fundamentalism?

A
  • ISIS plan or share their activities and post threats to nations
  • ISIS can target young people and glamorise being apart of ISIS like being able to fight with guns
40
Q

How have have countries seen how to effectively counter ISIS’s digital communication strategy?

A
  • Counter campaigns involving true stories from Muslims who have experienced suffering from ISIS
  • Distribute the counter campaigns through non-government channels as they receive more popularity
  • Show real images of counter-terrorism images
41
Q

What did Howard say about digital communication?

A
  • Christian fundamentalist groups were using the internet to promote their ideologies
  • For example in ‘Americas Hate Preachers’ BBC documentary despite having a congregation of 300 the videos have 30 million views making it easier to spread their message
42
Q

What did Kirkpatrick say about digital communication?

A

•The Facebook Effect - how Facebook has spread around the globe and has been used as an instrumental part of political protests

43
Q

Why are social networks used in the Middle East for political revolutions?

A
  • Safer way to show you want a change in government
  • Traditional media (newspapers) don’t usually criticise the government
  • A way for them to promote a positive view of the Middle East and rise people to Western people
  • 51% increase in social media use in recent years in the Middle East
44
Q

What did Turkle say about Globalisation?

A
  • Alone together
  • Rise In anxiety
  • People feel cut from reality
  • Everyone’s addicted to their phones
45
Q

What term is used to describe people on low income who can’t access internet?

A

Digital underclass

46
Q

What is term used to describe the gap between Old and young on technology

A

Digital divide

Generation gap

47
Q

What was the ‘Arab Spring’?

A

Movement between 2010 and 2013 that succeeded in removing totalitarian dictators in Tunisia and Egypt because of global social networks

Sociology (20 decks)

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