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Social Class Flashcards

1
Q

What is stratification?

A

The division of a society into hierarchical ordered layers, with the most privileged at the top and the least favoured at the bottom

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2
Q

What is the Registrar Generals Scales?

A

Before 1997 it was the main form of classifying people into social class based on their occupation

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3
Q

What is the NSSEC?

A

National Statistics Socio-economic Classification, new form of classification based on occupation to reflect changes in the labour marker

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4
Q

What is objective definitions of class?

A

Uses a measurement of class by asking respondents questions based on indicators like income and occupation

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5
Q

What is subjective definitions of class?

A

Ask people to rate their own class

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6
Q

What is ascribed status?

A

Status you are born with (royal family)

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7
Q

What is achieved status?

A

Status you earn (Alan Sugar)

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8
Q

What is traditional working class?

A

Manual labour, close knit communities, mutual support in childcare and financial work/help. Immediate gratification

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9
Q

What is new working class?

A

Private lives, flexible occupations, increasing consumption, employment based on their service sector

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10
Q

What is under class?

A

Marxists say the system disadvantage he poor

Murray says they are dependant on benefits

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11
Q

What is middle class?

A

Conspicuous consumption, deferred gratification, child centred ness, conservatism, meritocracy, disposable income

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12
Q

What is Traditional upper class?

A

Extended families, monarchy/aristocracy, ‘old boy network’

Cultural, social and economic capitals

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13
Q

What is the super rich class?

A

Jet set pop aristocracy, entrepreneurial, achieved status, economic and social capital, ‘rags to riches’

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14
Q

What is jet set pop aristocracy?

A

Sometimes known as ‘new money’ people who become rich through sport, media or entertainment

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15
Q

What is entrepreneurial rich?

A

Business owners, directors of retail, publishing, banking and finance, property development

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16
Q

What is marginalised?

A

To put people in positions of importance

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17
Q

What is Immediate gratification?

A

Want to be rewarded as soon as possible

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18
Q

What is deferred gratification?

A

People who can wait to be rewarded

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19
Q

Instrumental attitudes

A

Work is a means to an end, a way of gaining money

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20
Q

Meritocratic

A

A fair society that gives people opportunities based on their ability

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21
Q

Social mobility

A

Possibility to change social groups

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22
Q

Popular culture

A

Majority of people follow this culture

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23
Q

Capitalism

A

Society based on a majority ruling class owning the mean of production

24
Q

Crisis of masculinity

A

Working class, men who feel lost after de-industrialisation and some women becoming breadwinners

25
Child centeredness
Middle class revolve their lives around the children and their future
26
Cultural capital
Educational advantages
27
Social capital
Network advantages
28
Economic capital
Financial advantages
29
Yummy Mummy
Middle class women who like to show their perfection and money
30
Conspicuous consumption
Buying products to look good
31
Social closure
Upper class don’t let others in
32
Old boy network
Upper class give each other contacts for work/opportunities etc
33
High culture
Culture of the upper class
34
Individualism
The pursuit of personal happiness and independence
35
Theoretical approach on class
Sociologists have different ideas about which classes exist and why Marxism suggests there are only two groups of social class, the Bourgeoisie and the Proletariat
36
Top and bottom class jobs in the Registrar Generals scale
Top - accountants, architects, doctors, dentists, solicitors | Bottom - road sweepers, labourers, window cleaners
37
Top and bottom class on the NSSEC scale
Top - Company directors, corporate managers, bank managers, military officers Bottom - Waiters, Road sweepers, cleaner
38
Established middle class
Diverse range of cultural activities, socialise with broadway range of people, work in management or traditional professions, middle class background live outside urban areas
39
Technical middle class
Mix socially with people similar to themselves, work in research, science and technical fields, enjoy emerging culture such as the gym and social media
40
New Affluent Workers
Economically secure, quite high emerging, don’t participate in high culture, come from working class background, live in old manufacturing sections like the Midlands and North West
41
Emergent service workers
Youngest, highest emerging culture (sports, gigs, social media) urban group in large cities, socialise with a broad range of people
42
Traditional working class
Own their own home, mix socially with people like them, don’t enjoy emerging culture, oldest average age, lorry drivers and electricians
43
Precariat
Tend to mix socially with people like themselves, come from working class background, over 80% rent their home
44
Values of the traditional upper class
``` Extended families Monarchy/aristocracy Social closure/ old boy network Economic,social,cultural capital Coherent/solid concentration of wealth Privileged culture/small group Landowners/common background ```
45
Values of the new Super Rich
``` Jet set pop aristocracy Entrepreneurial rich Achieved status Economic capital Social capital ‘Rags to Riches’ ```
46
``` Value of traditional middle class Middle class are interchangeable ```
``` •conspicuous consumption Social aspiration Meritocracy Instrumental attitudes Conservatism Cultural/economic capital Consumer culture ```
47
``` Values of the new middle class Middle class are interchangeable ```
``` •Deferred gratification •Child centerdness Social anxiety Domesticity Social comparability Social capital Yummy Mummies Contradictory class position ```
48
What is endogamy?
Marrying into your social class
49
Values of traditional working class
``` •Immediate gratification Dangerous jobs Belong to trade unions Engage in industrial action Strong political identity (Labour) Close-knit communities Mutual support in childcare, financial help and finding work Cheaper homes, manual labour ```
50
Values of the new working class
``` • Employment based on the service sector (Feminised) Private lives Flexible occupations Rise in home owners Shared responsibilities in homes Increasing consumption ```
51
How do the upper class gain social capital?
Being invited into exclusive social events
52
How do upper class see popular culture?
As low culture and not valuable
53
What do private schools teach the upper class?
Private schools and Oxbridge teach a culture of privilege. The hidden curriculum teaches superiority, conservatism and acceptance of authority.
54
Who are the Bourgeoise?
Marxism calls them the Ruling class. They own the means of production, factories, machinery and land etc
55
Who are the Proletariat?
Marxism calls them the working class. They have to use the means of production for survival and only have their labour to sell in return for a wage. Forced to work for the ruling class in order to survive.
56
Why do the ruling class need the working class?
So they can exploit them for surplus value (profits of capitalism)
57
What is cultural deprivation?
Elders passing on anti-school behaviour onto male youth

Sociology (20 decks)

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