Y9 - Osmosis, diffusion and active transport

Question 1

Definition of diffusion

Answer 1

The movement of particles from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration down the concentration gradient until a dynamic equilibrium is reached.

Question 2

Definition of osmosis

Answer 2

The movement of water from an area of high water potential to an area of low water potential down the concentration gradient through a partially permeable membrane till a dynamic equilibrium is reached.

Question 3

Definition of active transport

Answer 3

The movement of molecules or ions from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration against the concentration gradient by using energy (ATP) from respiration in cells and carrier proteins.

Question 4

Factors that affect the rate of diffusion, osmosis and active transport

Answer 4

Size of particle/ion/molecule/water as if it is too big it will not pass through the partially permeable membrane, temperature, energy and number of carrier proteins in active transport, distance that needs to be travelled by particles, SA:V ratio and concentration.

Question 5

hypertonic

Answer 5

high solute
low water

Question 6

isotonic

Answer 6

medium water medium solute

Question 7

hypotonic

Answer 7

low solute
high water