Human Reproduction Flashcards
What is the role of the:
Penis
It is open to the outside of the body
What is the role of the:
Erectile tissue
When filled with blood, makes the penis hard and erect
What is the role of the:
Testes
Where male gametes and testosterone is produced
What is the role of the:
Scrotum
Sac of skin that holds the testes outside the body(temperature control)
What is the role of the:
Vas Deferens
Tube that carries the sperm from the testes
What is the role of the:
Epididyms
Where sperm are stored after they have been produced
What is the role of the:
Urethra
Tube that carries urine and sperm to the outside, at different times
What is the role of the:
Seminal vesicle
Makes the fluid that sperm swim in
What is the role of the:
Prostate gland
Gland which secretes fluid containing sugar for energy
What is the role of the:
Bladder
Stores urine
What is the role of the:
Vagina
Tube leading from uterus to outside the body
What is the role of the:
Cervix
Neck of the womb that leads to the vagina
What is the role of the:
Uterus or womb
Has very thick, muscular walls, which stretch when pregant to hold the foetus
What is the role of the:
Ovaries
Female gametes (eggs/ovary) are made here. Oestrogen is produced here
What is the role of the:
Oviduct or fallopian tube
Leads from ovaries to the womb
How are:
Sperm ejaculated
They leave the testes, travels down the vas deferens, through the prostate gland and goes out through the urethra
How are:
Gametes made
- In sex cells called gonads
- (male) the gamete is a sperm cell produced in the gonads called testes
- (female) the gamete is an ovum, more commonly called egg and produced in the female gonads called ovaries
- They are known as haploid cells as they only have 23 chromosomes
Adaptations of:
Sperm
- A lot of mitochondria to respire aerobically (middle section)
- Tail to change directions and swim
- A plasma membrane to protect against extracelluar injuries
- An acromosome which has special digestive enzymes which digests the protective layer around the egg
- Pointed head shape to help it bury into the cell surrounding the egg
- Nucleus only has 23 chromosomes
- Streamlined shape to swim faster
What is:
Puberty
- Usually between ages of 12 and 14
- sexual organs start to have a function, and secondary charactersitcs develop
- Learn secondary characterstics
What are the key different:
Hormones
FSH
Progesterone
Oestrogen
Testosterone
LH
lh
Triggers important processes in the reproductive system, secreted by pituary gland
FSH
- Pituitary gland
- Stimulates follice growth, promoting development of the egg and sperm
- both genders
What is:
Fertilisation
The fusion of female and male gametes (haploid - 23 chromosomes) to form a new cell called a zygote, which occurs in the oviduct
How does:
a foetus form
- Sperm is ejaculated from the male sex organ into the female sex organ
- Sperm moves through the female reproductive tract and reaches the ovum in the oviduct
- Fertilisation occurs to from a zygote
- The embryo implants into the lining of the uterus and develops a placenta and an amniotic sac
- When the embryo becomes recognisably human we call it a foetus
Purpose of:
Placenta
- Provides oxygen and other substances and removes waste products
- Through diffusion
- releases progesterone to maintain the thickness of the uterus lining
- Grows into the wall of the uterus, and is joined to the foetus through the umbilical cord
- Does not mix blood with the mother as the immune systems could launch attacks.
LEARN 4 GRAPHS OF HORMONE RELEASE DURING PREGNANCY
What is:
Progesterone
Maintains uterus lining
What is:
Oestrogen
Repairs uterus lining
What is the role of:
Testosterone
- Leads to secondary characterstics developing
- regulates fertility
- sex drive
- sperm production
