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A Biology IGCSE course > Cells, tissues, organs, MRS C GREN, (Y9) > Flashcards

Cells, tissues, organs, MRS C GREN, (Y9) Flashcards

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1
Q

Structure of a yeast cell

A

Nucleus, Cell wall, Cell membrane, vacuole, cytoplasm, ribosomes, mitochondria.

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2
Q

Structure of a bacterial cell

A

Cell wall, cytoplasm, sometimes chloroplasts, ribosomes, mitochondria, flagellum, plasmids, nucleoid DNA, slime layer, peptidoglycan and proteins make cell wall.

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3
Q

Structure of a pant cell

A

Nucleus, cell membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, vacuole, mitochondria, ribosomes, chloroplasts.

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4
Q

Structure of viruses

A

Envelope, spike on the envelope for attaching to cells, nucleic acid, protein coat

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5
Q

Why are viruses non-living?

A

Viruses are non-living because they cannot perform MRS C GREN on their own. For example, they need a host cell to reproduce.

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6
Q

define excretion

A

Excretion is the removal of toxic metabolilc waste products. E.g. urine and sweat.

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7
Q

What is the role of ribosomes?

A

Ribosomes making proteins through the process of protein synthesis

A two stage process: transcription and translation

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8
Q

Number of chloroplast per area in a plant

A

Chloroplasts are generally in leaves, with most of the chloroplast being in the palisade layer

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9
Q

How to calculate magnification?

A

objective lens X eyepiece

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10
Q

MRS C GREN

A

Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity
Control
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition

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11
Q

What is movement?

A

Not staying in the same position

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12
Q

What is respiration?

A

Release of energy from food

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13
Q

What is sensitivity?

A

Ability to recognise and respond to changes in the environment

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14
Q

What is control?

A

Maintaining a constant internal environment

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15
Q

What is growth?

A

Increasing in size and mass

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16
Q

What is reproduction?

A

Producing offspring

17
Q

What is nutrition?

A

Either making their own food (e.g. photosynthesis) or eating organisms

18
Q

What is a prokaryotic organism?

A

A one-cell organism that has no nucleus.

19
Q

What is a eukaryotic organism?

A

An organism that has multiple cells and a true nucleus.

20
Q

Example of a proctocista?

A

Mosquitos. Malaria is caused by the plasmodium that mosquitos carry.

21
Q

What is yeast used in making?

A

Bread, wine and beer

22
Q

What is the equation for anaerobic respiration of yeast?

A

glucose -> carbon dioxide + ethanol

23
Q

How do yeast reproduce?

A

asexually

24
Q

examples of fungi

A

Mucor which causes bread mould and penicillium which produces penicillin (antibiotic)

25
Q

What is mycelium?

A

Mycelium is a network of thread like structures called hyphae. It can also help trees to communicate

26
Q

What does fungi store carbohydrates as?

A

Glycogen

27
Q

How does fungi take in nutrients?

A

Saprotrophic nutrition. Fungi would also use enzymes to break down their food, which then diffuse into the fungi.

28
Q

What is saprotrophic nutrition?

A

The digestion of dead food material.

29
Q

How do fungi reproduce?

A

The bodies produce spores, which then land and new hydrae grow mycelium.

30
Q

cell wall of fungi?

A

Chitin

31
Q

Bacteria shape

A

Spiral or tubular or cocci

32
Q

How do bacteria reproduce?

A

Bacteria reproduce asexually through the process binary fission every 20 minutes in warm, moist areas with oxygen.

33
Q

Nutrition in bacteria

A

Most bacteria use saprotrophic nutrition, though some photosynthesise.

34
Q

What are specialised cells?

A

Cells that are made for specific purposes

35
Q

What are stem cells?

A

embryos that grow and eventually become specialised, depending on where they are positioned in the body, which is called differentiation. Embryos are made by diving in a process called mitosis where the DNA is duplicated and then the cell splits

36
Q

Order of size from small to large, starting with cells

A

cells, tissues, organs, organ systems

37
Q

What is a multinucleate organism?

A

An organism with several nuclei per cell.

38
Q

What is an:

Organ

A

A collection of different tissues that works together to achieve the same purpose

A Biology IGCSE course (14 decks)

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