Plant reproduction

Question 1

How is:

Growth controled in plants

Answer 1

Hormones

e.g. auxin

Question 2

What is a:

tropism

Answer 2

a growth response in a plant to a stimulus

Question 3

Do plants:

Grow away or towards light

Answer 3

• stems are positively photoropic as they grow towards light
• Roots grow away from light

Question 4

What is a:

Response to light, water and gravity

Answer 4

• phototropism
• hydrotropism
• geotropism

Question 5

Are plants:

geotropic?

Answer 5

• Stems are positively geotropic
• roots are negatively geotropic

Question 6

What is the function of:

Roots

Answer 6

• Provides stability
• absorbs water and mineral ions

Question 7

What is the advantages of:

stems and roots tropisms

Answer 7

• stem growing towards light leads to higher light absorbtion, photosynthesis
• more chance of finding light by growing upwards
• less chance of drying out when shielded from the sun
• more chance of finding moisture and stability in the ground

Question 8

What are:

Tropisms caused by

Answer 8

Hormone Auxin

Question 9

How does:

Auxin promote growth

Answer 9

• Auxin is in shoot tip
• Goes towards the side recieveing the least light
• If light is from above, growth will be equal on both sides
• if light is from a side, auxin → shady side → plant cells elongate → bend in plant stem

Question 10

What are the characteristics of:

Asexual reproduction

(plants)

Answer 10

• 1 parent
• Offspring are identical
• rapid reproduction in favourable conditions
• mitosis

Question 11

What are the characteristics of:

Sexual reproduction

Answer 11

• 2 parents
• fusion of 2 gametes
• gametes of plants are the pollen nucleus and the egg cell
• variety as DNA comes from 2 parents
• meiosis

Question 12

What are the characteristics of:

Asexual reproduction

(bacteria)

Answer 12

• binary fission
• a cell splits into 2
• Very fast process that can occur up to every 20 minutes

Question 13

How do plants:

Reproduce asexually

Answer 13

• underground food storage organs that develop into plants (potatoes)
• side branches that grow new plants (strawberries)
• (artificial cuttings) branch from parent plant is cut off
• planted in damp compost
• use auxin hormone to promote root growth
• cover with a clear plastic bag to keep warm

Question 14

What are:

Flowers

Answer 14

Organs of sexual reproduction in plants

Question 15

What is the definition of:

Sexual reproduction

Answer 15

Production of a new individual resulting from the fusion of 2 gametes.

(fusion is called fertilisation)

Question 16

How does a:

plant relying on insect pollination attract insects?

Answer 16

• scent
• colour
• nectary

Question 17

What is the function of:

Petals

Answer 17

Brightly coloured to attract pollinators to the flower

Question 18

What is the function of:

Anther

Answer 18

Part of the Stamen that contains pollen

Question 19

What is the function of the:

Filament

Answer 19

Holds the anther, making it accesible to insects or wind

Question 20

What is the function of the:

style

Answer 20

carries pollen from stigma to ovary through pollen tube

Question 21

What is the function of the:

Ovary

Answer 21

Produces femal gametes

Question 22

What is the function of the:

Ovules

Answer 22

Contains female gametes

Question 23

What is the function of:

nectary

Answer 23

secretes nectar to attract insects and spreads pollen around the insect

Question 24

What is the function of the:

sepals

Answer 24

Provides support and protection for the flower as it is about to bud

Question 25

What is the function of the:

Stamen

Answer 25

Pollination (male part of plant)

Question 26

What is the function of the:

Carpel

Answer 26

Fertilisation of an egg (female part of a plant)

Question 27

REVISE STRUCTURE OF A PLANT

(revision poster)

Question 28

What is:

Pollination

Answer 28

the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of a plant

Question 29

What are the:

different types of pollination

Answer 29

• same flower = self-pollination
• different flowers = cross pollination

Question 30

What is:

Wind pollination

and characteristics

Answer 30

• Transfer of pollen by the wind
• have no petals or dull
• no nectary
• no scent
• wide SA stigma to recieve pollen, and feathery
• Stamen is outside the flower

Question 31

What is:

Fertilisation

Answer 31

The fusion of a male and female gamete to produce a zygote that undergoes cell devision and develops into an embryo

Question 32

What causes the:

Pollen to move down to the ovule

Answer 32

• Sugary solution causes a pollen tube to grow
• grows towards ovaries
• each sugary formula is different, so only members of the same species are pollinated

Question 33

What is the process of:

Fertilisation

Answer 33

1. Pollination occurs through insects of the wind
2. Pollen lands on stigma. A sugary solution causes a pollen tube to grow down the style using digestive enzymes towards the ovary
3. the pollen tube enters the ovule via an opening called the micropyle. The nucleus of the pollen travels down the tube to fertilise the egg
4. The fertilised egg develops into an embryo. The ovule becomes the seed and the ovary becomes the fruit

Question 34

What is:

Seed dispersal

Answer 34

Dispersing a seed away from the parent plant to avoid competition

Question 35

What is:

Germination

Answer 35

Development of a seed into a plant

Question 36

What are the:

Conditions needed for germination

Answer 36

Water
Oxygen
Warmth

WOW

Question 37

What is the purpose of:

Water in germination

Answer 37

activate enzymes which digest stored food

Question 38

What is the purpose of:

Oxygen in germination

Answer 38

needed for release of energy through aerobic respiration

Question 39

What is the purpose of:

Warmth in germination

Answer 39

so that enzymes work at their optimum temperature