Immunity

Question 1

What are pathogens

Answer 1

micro-organisms or viruses that causes a disease

Question 2

How can pathogens be transferred (examples)

7

Answer 2

Vector - another living organism transfers it (Malaria)
contaminated food or water (salmonella)
Water droplets (air borne)
Exchange of bodily fluids(Herpes)
Inoculation: directly through break in skin
Direct contract (sexual intercourse)
Fomite: inanimate objects transfer it (tetanus)

Question 3

what are some body defences against pathogens?

Answer 3

cilia to trap particles
HCl pH 2 to denature enzymes
behavioural response of vomiting to forcibly discharge pathogens
ear wax prevents entry
skin prevents bacteria to enter the body and has a skin biome and gut biome which can lead to healthy bacteria outcompeting the other bacteria

Question 4

what is the name of the bodies’ defence against infection?

Answer 4

immune system

Question 5

What are the main parts of the immune system

Answer 5

lymphocytes - releases antibodies
phagocytes - non-specific response where they engulf and destroy pathogens using enzymes.