WW2 Summary Notes Ch4 Flashcards
1
Q
what were the key aspects of totalitarism?
A
- regines only had one leader with absolute power
- only one ideology allowed
- secret police used extreme measures to instil terror in population
- dictators allowed no dissent;citizens denied human rights
- censorship and propaganda were tools used to control population
- citizens only left with freedom of thought but it was kept to themselves
2
Q
what was the inflation crisis in germany?
A
- 1923 ordinary inflation became hyper inflation when germany failed to make reparation payments; french and belgian troops occupied ruhr valley
- german currency lost all value
- gov trashed old mark and any money owned by germans was now worthless
3
Q
why were germans mad at the inflation crisis?
A
- french occupied their country
- government allowed their money to disappear
- ppl with money in bank were furious and later became nazis supporters
4
Q
how did hitler come to power? pt1
A
- depression deepend, germans believed weimar gov (democracy) could not solve their problems
- drove voters to extreme political allegiances
- 1932 nazis become largest party;but not asked to become parliament
- communist grew popular but middle ppl turned to nazis to stop the growing influence of communists
- late 1932 hitler became chancellor after another election
5
Q
how did hitler come to power? pt2
A
- won but did not have majority;frustrated bc unable to pass laws/have more power
- called another election (feb 1933) -dutch communist burned down reichstag (german parliament)
- convinced ppl communist revolution was at hand
- nazis short of majority but hitler outlawed communists out of parliament;got majority
- bullied parliament to give him enabling act to make him powerful
6
Q
what did the nurmeberg laws mean?
A
- jews had to wear star of david at all times
- jews lost professional careers and property
- jews could not interact with german population
- jews lost their citizenship
7
Q
what was hitler now referred to?
A
-fuhrer (the leader)
8
Q
what was apart of the five year plan? pt1
A
- collectivizing farm land by ending all private ownership of land
- land placed in large state owned farms
- former peasants became workers
9
Q
what was apart of the five year plan? pt2
A
- invest in construction of heavy industry
- ignored production of consumer goods
- production of building large resource rich industries
10
Q
what were the fundamental causes of the second world war?
A
- treaty of versailles
- great depression
- rise of adolf hitler and nazi party
- failure of league of nations
- extreme nationalism
- unwillingness of democratic governments to intervene in places like germany
11
Q
what was the appeasement crisis regarding czechoslovakia?
A
- 3mil+ germans included in czech;lived in the west called sudetenland:bordered germany
- hitler wanted the ppl apart of germany
- threatened invasion on oct 1, 1938-br and fr panic
- conference called in munich germany;hitler demanded return of sudetenland-got what he wanted
- czech wishes ignored;PM edvard benes of czech not invited to meeting
- in exchange for czech hitler promised not to invade the remaining portion of czech but failed on march 15 1939 when hitler’s troops invaded the whole of czech and it ceased to exist
12
Q
what happened at the invasion of poland?
A
- september 1 1939 nazis invaded poland and ww2 began
- nazis used blitzkrieg tactices to advance through poland with no resistance
- br and fr immediatly declared war on germany
- PM mackenzie king promised consription would never be required-this gained the support from quebec leaders
13
Q
what happened during the phony war?
A
- october 1939-april 1940
- everyone expected germany to attack western europe
- prevented by weather
- allied troops and canadians waited for attack
- war was a reality in czechoslovakia, poland, and finland
14
Q
when did war in western europe start?
A
- may 1940
- hitler took norway, denmark, belgium and neverlands in spring 1941
15
Q
what happened in 1940 during the battle of britain?
A
- german bomber squadron got lost and bombed london civillians accidently
- retaliation br PM winston churchill bombed german city berlin
- hitler mad, abandoned assault on raf airfield and ordered daylight bombing raids on london (blitz)
- stragety shift cost hitler the war
16
Q
why did germans want to take over lebensraum/spviet union?
A
- had resources germany desperately needed
- wanted to destroy his ideologist communist rival
17
Q
what happened in north africa during ww2?
A
- war in north africa started in sept 1940
- mussolini attacked egypt;german forces went to aid italians
- battle of el amamein culminated for control of egypt
- british won;prevented germans from seizing the suez canal and denied hitler oil from middle east
- british soon joined with US after battle, which they forced germans into retreat in north africa until defeat
18
Q
why did the allies want to attack/land in sicily?
A
- to take pressure off soviet allies and divert germans from northwestern europe
- captured in a month
19
Q
how did the allies take italy?
A
- allied troops moved into italy penisula
- canadian forces pushed through until germans stopped them at ortona;vicious fighting dec 1943
- germans driven back by fr can unit (vandoos);cans continued to free northern italy
- april 1945 mussolini was captured by italians who were not his army soldiers;him and his wife were hung on streets of milan
- capture of italy led to liberation of europe
- many german troops required to defend italy making many german troops unavailable for defence of france
20
Q
what was the liberation of neverlands?
A
- may 5 1945 can forces forced nazis to retreat from neverlands and surrender
- can victory allowed allied troops to continue forwards towards germany
21
Q
what happend in berlin april 1945?
A
- american and soviet forces met in germany south of berlin
- soviets turned attention to demolish city
- hitler committed suicide on april 30 1945
22
Q
what were the events that led up to pearl harbour?
A
- 1931 jap army invaded manchuria in northern china without government consent
- military conspirators made plans to terrorize civillian gov to force jap to accept martial law
- inner turmoil in jap-PM assasinated;led to fighting and hit squads sent to kill major political figures
- france fall june 1940, hap occupied french indochina;roosevelt froze jap assets in american banks;refused to sell japan any more oil or scrap metal which it desperately needed for war supplies
- jap concluded that war with US was the only solution
23
Q
what is the battle of leyte gulf?
A
- in philippines
- americans took whole of japanese fleet;navy sank half
- jap introduced kamikaze suicide technique;pilots would load their planes with expolosives and deliberately tried to crash the planes into american ships committing suicide in the process
24
Q
what two japanese countries did america capture?
A
- 1945
- iwo jima and okinawa
25
Q
why did indigenous canadians volunteer to serve?
A
- facing economic hardship and thought serving would provide opportunities
- pressure on indigenous men by reserve recruiters
- were not exempt from conscription
- 3000+ served;200+ died
26
Q
what were the social changes related to indigenous canadians after WW2?
A
- indigenous veterans did not receive same amount of assistance as others
- enfranchisement (loss of indian status) automatic serving consequence;loss of special rights made it hard for veterans to return to normal community life
- many veterans not welcomed in society and many sank in poverty/despair
27
Q
what was the impact of black canadians serving after war?
A
- first time they worked with white canadians and having their work acknowledged
- many emerged from war with new sense of self worth and opportunity
- increased employment and involvement in society
- received veteran benefits;helped them overcome difficulties
- racism in canada;separation between white and black canadians in canadian legion (whites didnt want anything to do with blacks)
28
Q
how were chinese canadians during the war?
A
- initially not allowed to serve and did not have full enfranchisement and not allowed to vote
- useful in undercover work
- 600 cc served
29
Q
what was the impact of chinese canadians serving after war?
A
- able to immigrate into canada more easily
- 1947: able to become canadian citizens
- 1949: allowed to vote
- represented larger portion of pro work force
- more prominent role in canadian society (had more opportunites)
30
Q
what was the st louis incident?
A
- jewish ppl trying to leave germany
- ship take jews to cuba from germany where they would wait quota
- arrival to cuba ship told to anchor in harbour;not allowed to land
- cuba passed new decree that cancelled the landing permits
- negotiations were a long procedure
31
Q
what happened after the st louis couldnt land?
A
- nazi minister of propaganda (joseph goebbes) sent agents to havana to stir up anti semitism and fabricate criminal bgs for passengaers;refugees seen as threat
- st louis turn away from cuba try to land in florida-fail
- june 1939 arrived of can east coast
- can gov did not like jews and st louis forced to return to europe (those on board eventually died in concentration camps)
32
Q
how were jewish ppl killed during dealth camps?
A
- starvation, exhaustion, disease, torture, or excution
- nazis carried our inhumane medical experiments
- prisoners ingest toxic and fatal substances
- powdered glass and wood splintered mixed with water injected in veins
- thrown into boiling or freezing water and denied medical treatment
- operated w/o anaesthesia
33
Q
what happened after the jews were killed?
A
- gold fillings in teeth removed-used to supplement hitlers gold collection
- skin made into lampshades, gloves
- bones used as fertilizer
- hair shaved to be used to stuff mattresses
34
Q
what were the economic effects of canada after the war?
A
- economy grew due to all contributions;1945 economy booming although debt was $10 bil +
- industial and manufacturing production grew to overtake agriculture as most important sector
35
Q
what were the political effects of canada after the war?
A
- gained international reputation;established itself as middle power-more active global role: ready to play role in creating UN
- troops more recognized for contributions (dieppe, hong kong, normandy, liberation of neverlands)
- PM king averted conscription crisis (fr-eng relations strained but not broken)
- gov intervened more frequently in lives of canadians;social safety net strengthened
- contribution of black and indigenous and other minority groups advanced the cause of civil rights
36
Q
what were the social effects of canada after the war?
A
- women gained greater recognition
- more tolerant nation;agreed to accept displaced ppl and refugees from europe
- experianced baby boom-significant waves of immigration (war brides)
- lost over 42,000 ppl
