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Socials10 > WW1 Definitions Ch2 > Flashcards

WW1 Definitions Ch2 Flashcards

1
Q

imperialism

A
  • extending the rule of authority of one country over others
  • forming and maintaining empire through establishment of colonies
  • european empires competed for same territory
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2
Q

industrialization

A

-developing of industries in country or region bc they needed raw materials to supply their factories and new markets in order to sell their goods
-indrustrial plants of europe producing more goods that could be consumed at home resulting in
countries sought to obtain colonies to sell their goods
-also lead to imperialism

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3
Q

pan-slavism

A
  • idea that promoted the unification of slavic peoples and the balkans
  • russia promoted this idea
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4
Q

militarism

A
  • policy of making a country’s armed forces very stong
  • military interest dominate gov policy in political situation
  • individuels and society accept war as respectful way of advancing a country’s interests and resolving disputes
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5
Q

two-power standard

A
  • british policy regarding their navy

- meant british navy must be equal or better than any two navies combines

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6
Q

arms race

A
  • occurs when two or more countries are in competition to become the best military
  • focus on naval power
  • increased tension and possibilities of war in europe
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7
Q

nationalism

A
  • two types
    1: “nation-statism”-strong feeling of patriotism/pride for one’s country and desire of ppl to preserve their customs
  • –connected to nation state
    2: exist within ethnic groups that does not have its own country
  • –groups desire to be liberated by different dominant ethnic group
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8
Q

black hand

A
  • terrorist organization that supported violent action to achieve its goals
  • formed by bosnian serbs
  • goal to liberate all ethnic groups of slav descent in AH and form the “greater serbia” (yugoslavia)
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9
Q

alliances

A
  • close association of nations for the achievement of common objectives
  • group of countries unite for military protection if one was attacked
  • way for nations to ensure their security but it made it easier for war to start
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10
Q

triple alliance

A
  • also known as central powers

- consist of germany, austria-hungary, italy

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11
Q

triple entente

A
  • also known as allied powers
  • consists of france, russia, britain

-no formal agreement was signs;only france and russia truly formed a defensive alliance

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12
Q

blank cheque

A
  • given to AH by germany

- meant germany would support AH no matter what, even if it meant participating in war

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13
Q

ultimatum

A
  • sent to serbia from austrians

- threat which states one must meet certain conditions ofr face dire consequences

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14
Q

schlieffen plan

A
  • germany’s plan to attack france by invading the neutral country belium
  • designed to avoid two-front war
  • created by Alfred von Schlieffen
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15
Q

two-front war

A
  • country must fight on two distinct fronts/battlegrounds

- occured when germany had to fight france on the west the same time as fighting russia on the east

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16
Q

newfoundland regiment

A
  • consists of ppl from newfoundland

- army unit

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17
Q

ross rifle

A
  • weapon troops used
  • was manufactured in canada
  • good for sharp shooting but bad in trench warfare
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18
Q

canadian expeditionary force

A
  • canadians who served overseas

- four canadian divisions formed canadian corps

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19
Q

battle of the marne

A
  • germany threw forces against french
  • both could not move forward so both dug trenches for troop protection
  • beginning of trench warfare
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20
Q

trench warfare

A
  • standard war tactic
  • about 400 metres apart;offered protection against enemy fire
  • some trenches were decent while others were disgusting and a muddy ditch
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21
Q

“no-man’s land”

A
  • narrow strip of land between the trenches
  • rifles were fired across the land if enemy movement was sensed
  • entering no mans land almost always meant certain death
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22
Q

“going over the top”

A
  • when officers ordered an advance

- meant going on top of trench and across “no-man’s land” being exposed to enemy fire

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23
Q

Battle of Attrition

A

continuous stalemates

  • when the sides of trench warfare continuously make no process in gaining the upper hand
  • the stalemates of trench warfare
  • each side tried to wear the other side down in order to outlast them
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24
Q

total war

A
  • all the resources of a nation are organized for one purpose that purpose being to win the war
  • homefront responsible for production, troop enlistment, finance and organization
  • homefront important bc nation’s producing and providing necessities for war was a massive cost and its ability to do so determined who would win the war
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25
Q

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A
  • battle fatique
  • when soldier is unable to fight for psychiatric reasons
  • referred as shell shock during war
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26
Q

stalemate

A
  • what the western front became

- when either side has a low chance of gaining the upper hand/not enough offensive power/is obvious

27
Q

battle of ypres

A
  • april 1915
  • in belgium
  • first taste of trench warfare for canadians
  • french and canadian troops defending ypres but retreated after germany used chlorine gas against them
  • poem in flanders field was written
28
Q

battle of verdun

A
  • february 1916
  • germany attacked french
  • lasted six months
  • 1/2 defining battle of WW1;planned to be battle of attrition
29
Q

battle of the somme

A
  • july 1916
  • allied commanders tried to end trench warfare by attacking germans trenches/attack not successful;germans not driven back
  • 2/2 defining battle of WW1
  • 20,000 can soldier died/NFL regiment have 90% casualties
  • only few miles land gained with 1.25 m casualties for both sides
30
Q

battle of vimy ridge

A
  • april 1917
  • vimy ridge (in france near belgium border;strong natural fortress easy to defend hard to attack) fell into german soldiers hands {oct 1914}
  • allied armies tried to gain back the ridge
  • canadian troops attacked germans
  • (150,000 BR and FR troops had died trying to gain the ridge before CAN arrived)
  • can obtained the ridge but 3000 killed and 7000 injured on the way
31
Q

battle of passchendaele

A
  • october 1917
  • allied advances were bogged down/overloaded in mud at western front
  • canadian troops asked to attack germans
  • troops could not move in mud but can were ordered to attack anyways
  • can held town but germans won it back after
  • only 7km mud gained
32
Q

gallipoli campaign

A
  • turks enter war apart of central powers to keep russians out of the (gallipoli peninsula) water passage that would allow russians access to balkans and black sea (located in modern day turkey)
  • british also want port control to open supply line to russia and allow br to attack AH and G from balkans
  • battle demoralized allied forces
33
Q

dogfight

A

-aerial duels between pilots

34
Q

ace

A
  • skilled and popular pilots during ww1

- reputation built based on their abilities to manoeuvre in the air

35
Q

billy bishop

A
  • canadian pilot who was canada’s top wartime ace

- shot down 72 enemy planes and awarded victoria cross

36
Q

red baron

A
  • germany’s greatest ace/shot down the most enemy planes

- baron von richthofen

37
Q

lusitania

A

-british passenger ship

38
Q

u-boats

A
  • german submarines that attacked british ships by cutting off the shipment supplies to britain
  • torpedoes
39
Q

convoy system

A
  • system designed to protect allied supply ships from german u boats
  • ships escorted by armed destroyers surrounding the fleet
40
Q

the treaty of brest-litovsk

A
  • treaty between germany and russia that took russia out of the war
  • communists (bolsheviks) took over gov and russia gave germany all of poland, lithuania, and ukraine
41
Q

canada’s hundred days

A
  • allied effort that broke the back of german military
  • during the last 100 days canadian troops were in the forefront of the most difficult tasks of dislodging the germans from their defensive positions
42
Q

rations

A

-amount of food allowed for a period of time

43
Q

the halifax explosion

A
  • explosion that brought bloodshed of the war in europe to canadian soil
  • french munition ship carrying 3000 tonnes of explosive materials collided with a vessel in the halifax harbour
  • the blast created roaring fires and a huge tidal wave wiped away ships and homes leaving 1950 ppl killed and thousands injured or homeless
44
Q

enemy aliens

A

-500,000 german, austrian and hungarian ppl who were residents or citizens of canada at the time when war broke out in europe

45
Q

war measures act

A

-act to place restrictions on enemy aliens where they could be searched, arrested/many sent to internment camps in remote areas

46
Q

censorship

A
  • introduced under war measures act
  • banned the publication of books and magazines in enemy languages
  • measures taken to try and protect canada from the enemies living within the province
47
Q

honour rationing

A

-people limit themselves to a pound and a half of butter and two pounds of sugar a month

48
Q

victory bonds

A

-bonds that when bought were lending money to the government to help pay for the war effort

49
Q

conscription

A

-compulsory (enlistment) military service

50
Q

military service bill (act)

A

-made conscription for all males age 20-35 to participate in military service

51
Q

conscientious objectors/pacifists

A

-those who do not believe in violence or those whom fighting was against their religious beliefs

52
Q

union government

A
  • coalition government

- liberals and conservatives

53
Q

suffragists

A

-women’s organization that protested to gain them the right to vote

54
Q

wartime elections act 1917

A

-granted federal vote to mothers, sisters, and wives of soldiers in armed forces

55
Q

propaganda

A
  • strategy used to persuade people to believe in a certain idea
  • used to persuade ppl to join military and influence war feelings
  • gov did not want amount of casualties released so press bureau was introduced that controlled what was printed on newpapers
  • act of prevention of the truth is a form of censorship
56
Q

armistice

A

-agreement amongst the countries at war to stop fighting and move to peace conference

57
Q

fourteen points

A
  • created by woodrow wilson PM of US
  • document to convince american ppl that the sacrifices made during war were justified
  • took to paris after to convince europeans that points could be the basis for lasting peace
58
Q

internationalism

A
  • how countries should work tgt

- countries must put aside their selfish feelings (nationalism) for internationalism to work

59
Q

treaty of versailles

A
  • most important international agreement of twentieth century
  • agreement for what would happen to the defeated countries (germany, AH)
60
Q

paris peace conferences

A
  • allied powers met to discuss what would happen to the defeated countries (G and AH)
  • difficult task;goal was to create agreement that would prevent future wars
61
Q

reparations

A

-britain wanting germany to pay for the damage caused by the war

62
Q

self-determination

A

-ethnic groups would vote on the issue of whom they prefer to live with and be governed by

63
Q

war guilt clause

A
  • another part of treaty of versailles
  • states germany must alone accept responsibility for causing war
  • clause used to justify punishments allies wanted to inflict on germany

Socials10 (18 decks)

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