WW1 Points (SG) Ch2 Flashcards
who possessed the largest empire?
- britain
- its strategic military and naval bases were known all around the globe
- british empire was what other colonial powers envied
- britain’s empire made them extremely wealthy
what is militarism?
- policy of making a countries armed forces very strong, allowing military interest to dominate gov policy in a political situation
- state of mind where individuels and society accept war as a respectful way of improving a country’s interests and resolving conflicts
- men are trained and prepared for service at any time
what is nationalism?
- two types
1. -strong feeling of patriotism and pride for one’s country - desire of ppl to preserve their customs
- called “nation-statism” bc it is connected to an existing state
- feelings of nationalism were extreme in 1914 (european countries)
2. -exists within ethnic groups who don’t have their own country - desire to be liberated from a different dominant ethnic group
- this type of nationalism led to beginning of war in balkans and austria-hungary
what are alliances?
- close association of nations for achieviement of common objectives/goals
- group of countries unite for military protection
- method for nations to ensure their security but it also made war start easier
what is the ross rifle?
- weapon troops used that was manufactured in canada
- good for sharp shooting
- poor in trench warfare;jammed easily in dirt and mud
what is the CEF?
- canadian expeditionary force
- canadians who served overseas
- on western front four canadian divisions formed the can corps-fought alongside british forces
- creation of can corps strengthened unity of can soldiers fighting in europe, gave canadians at home sense of pride
- 1917 general arthur currie became commander of corps replacing british general julian byng
what are machine guns? (use and significance?)
- efficient in killing enemy troops as they advanced over no-mans land
- accounted for most of deaths that happend during the war
what is conscription?
- compulsory military service issued in 1917 when volunteer enlistments were not keeping up with the amount of dying soldiers
- french were against the new requirement
what is censorship?
- introduced under war measures act
- banned publication of books and magazines in enemy languages
- measures taken to protect canada from the enemy aliens living within its borders
- gov not sharing true number of casualties from the war to the public also a form of censorship
what was the role of women during WW1?
- work overseas as nurses/ambulance drivers
- employed in industry, banks, police forces at home
- jobs considered unsuitable for women before 1914
what was the triple alliance?
- also known as central powers
- consist of germany, austria-hungary, italy
what was the newfoundland regiment?
- newfouldland soldiers
- army unit
what is the two-power standard?
- official policy regarding britain’s navy
- british navy must be equal to or better than two other navies combined
who is PM Robert Borden?
- former PM of canada
- supported britain/offered them 25,000 fully trained and equipped men who were paid for by the canadian gov
- demanded can have its own seat in conferences;won seat
- demanded can be allowed to sign treaty of versailles
who is Captain Roy Brown?
-canadian pilot who shot down red baron
what are tanks? (use and significance?)
- used in trench warfare first time in battle of the somme
- developed to solve problems of trench warfare
- could attack over no mans land safely bc they were immune to barbed wire and machine gun fire
- first had little impact due to clumsiness but by 1918 they were the major reason for allied victory
which country had its neutrality violated by germany?
-belgium using the schlieffen plan
what is “self-determination”?
-ethnic groups vote on issues of who they prefer to live with and be governed by
what is the war measures act of 1917?
- act to place restrictions on enemy aliens
- could be arrested, searched or sent to interment camps
- censorship introduced
- gov has power to do whatever is needed for the protection of the ppl (security, defense, peace, order, welfare of can)
- control of transportation, manufacturing, trade and agriculture
- censored mail, radio, and newspaper
- police must do job even if ppl unsatisfied
- charater is gone if inforced
what is imperialism?
- extending the rule of authority of one country over others
- forming and maintaining empire through establishment of colonies
- european empires competed for same territory
what are dreadnoughts?
- largest and fastest ship
- heavily armoured
what is the triple entente?
- also known as allied powers
- consists of france, russia, britain
-no formal agreement was signs;only france and russia truly formed a defensive alliance
what is camp valcartier?
- training camp set up for over 30,000 men in quebec
- set up by sire sam hughes canada’s minister of militia and defence
- english was the spoken language
what is the military service bill 1917?
- introduced by PM borden
- made conscription mandatory for all males ages 20-35
what is the battle of ypres and significance?
- april 1915
- in belgium
- french and canadian troops defending ypres but retreated after germany used chlorine gas against them
- poem in flanders field was written
- first taste of trench warfare for can
- first poison attack in history
- can suffered terrible losses (6000+ died)
what is trench warfare?
- standard war tactic
- about 400 metres apart;offered protection against enemy fire and shell shrapel (built in zigzags)
- some trenches were decent while others were disgusting and a muddy ditch
germany’s attack on france in 1914 was what battle?
-battle of the marne
what is the treaty of versailles?
- most important international agreement of twentieth century
- agreement for what would happen to the defeated countries (germany, AH)
- one of major factors that lead to ww2
what are airplanes in WW1?
- flown by single pilot but only in air for an hour before needing to refuel
- unarmed planes used to scout enemy positions behind the lines
- dropped bombs down the sides
- dogfights occured
- plane more dangerous than being on the groud
- in ww1 in experimental stage but big impact in next war
what is PTSD?
- shell shock
- post traumatic stress disorder
- battle fatique;soldier unfit/unable to continue to fight and return to front line due to psychiatric reasons
when did the USA join the war?
- april 1917
- declared war on germany
- joined under allied side
discuss the way in which canada as a nation matured as a result of the first world war? (written response)
- experiance summarized as a nation “coming to maturity”
- before war, canada was seen as belonging to britain but after war, canada’s contribution to the allied war effort made ppl see canada become an independent nation
how did vimy ridge help canada mature?
- capture of ridge first time canadian units fought together as one and independent of british forces
- victory became sybmol of canada’s independence and nationhood
- troops were more recognized as some of best troops on western front
- june 1917, can general arthur currie promoted to replace br general julian byng-marked end of british soldiers commanding canadian troops
how did the battle of passchendaele help canada mature?
-canadians took the town and held it until reinforcements came
reasons why canada matured/changes that affected the country?
- given separate seat at paris peace conference and separate signature on treaty of versailles
- given separate seat in league of nations which later became united nations
- women gained federal vote (1917) and recognition as workers
- canadian troops gained recognition for battle victories (vimy ridge and passchendaele)
- population increased
- economic growth
- income tax introduced to help pay for war. war cost canada $3 billion. national debt was $150 million per year for four years
- 60,000 canadians killed;178,000 wounded
- consription deepended differences between french and english canadians
