French English Relations & Indigenous Peoples (SG) -Ch7 Flashcards
1
Q
who was Maurice Duplessis?
A
- union nationale premier of quebec from 1936-1939 and 1944-1959
- staunch roman catholic and political conservative
- known as le chef-the boss
- refused money from fed gov;prov gov supporter
- introduced flag for quebec bearing the french symbol “fleur-de-lis” to emphasize provincce different from english speaking canada
- quebec nationalist;devoted to idea of quebec as distinctive society “a nation” rather than a canadian province
- fiercely opposed growing powers of federal gov. in post-war years, and avoided English influence at all costs
- encourage foreign investment
- collected “kickbacks” -companies expected to give back to union nationale
2
Q
what was the quiet revolution?
A
- Duplessis died, Jean Lesage & the Liberals came to power under the slogan, “Time for a Change”
- quebec went through a period of rapid changes and modernization called la revolution tranquille
- characterized by secularization (move away from cataholic church), the strengthening of the welfare state, massive investments in public education, the unionization of the civil service, measures to control the economy, and the nationalization of hydroelectric production and distribution (development of hydro-quebec)
- huge increase in Quebec nationalism
- French Canadians became Quebecois
- 1960s
- movement to modernize provinces economy, politics, education and culture
- quebec was allowed to run its own pension plan, loans, and medical insurance
3
Q
who was jean lesage?
A
- premier of quebec (liberal party) 1960-1966
- wanted control over decisions affecting quebecs future not independence
- sought to create new and equal partnership with english canada
- stamped out conditions
- “maitres chez nous”
- sought “special status” for quebec to protect the french language and culture
4
Q
“masters of our own house”
A
- motto the liberals campaigned with after winning the 1962 election
- aim to strengthen quebecs control of its economy
- gov. nationalized (bought out) several hydro companies and turned them into a large, provincially-owned power monopoly - Hydro Quebec
5
Q
official languages act?
A
- 1969
- signed by PM pierre trudeau
- give all canadians the legal right and ability to deal with federal government in either french or english
- all products sold labelled in both languages
- french immersion programs implemented in schools across country
- mixed results; some embraced the idea;some felt french was being forced onto them -westerners felt ignored
- francophones wanted special status for quebec in conferderation-trudeau refused
- made canada offically a billingual country
6
Q
who was james cross?
A
- British Trade Commissioner/British diplomat
- kidnapped by FLQ liberation cell in montreal on oct 5, 1970
- FLQ demanded ransom of $500,000, transport to cuba, reading of FLQ Manifesto in public and release of FLQ “political prisoners” who were jailed for terroris bombings for cross’ release
7
Q
what was pierre trudeaus famous quote during the FLQ crisis?
A
- “There’s a lot of bleeding hearts around-go on and bleed.”
- response to implementing of war measures act
8
Q
what was bill 101?
A
- introduce in 1977 by rene levesque in order to replace bill 22
- known as charter of french language bill
- required french be the language used by governments, courts, and businesses in quebec
- commercial signs had to only be displayed in french
- one parent of child must have previously attended an english school in order for the child to be enrolled in an english school
- created backlash resulting in english businesses leaving quebec
9
Q
what is bill 22?
A
- introduced by liberal premier of quebec robert bourassa in 1974
- made french the official language of quebec and strengthened french in the workplace
- children had to pass english proficiency test before registering for english schools
- introduced bc birthrates declining and immigration increasing
- fear that french language would disappear
10
Q
who was elijah harper?
A
- leader of manitoba and indigenous leader
- refused to sign meech lake accord
- withheld support for meech lake due to lack of provisions for indigenous peoples
11
Q
what was the clarity act?
A
- introduced in 1999;passed by canadian government in 2000
- stated that in any future referenda quebec must ask a clear question and win a clear majority (no 50%+1)
12
Q
what is assimilation?
A
- process of which person or group of minority culture is absorbed into the majority culture losing the distinct features of the minority people
- canadian governments goal to encourage indigenous peoples to give up their own culture and traditions assimilating them into mainstream culture of canada
13
Q
residential school system?
A
- compulsory from 1884-1951 for all indigenous children living on reserves to attend (ages 7-16)
- 150,000 children removed from their families and communities
- purpose to teach children how to be apart of white society and forget their indigenous heritage (create assimilated young people with few ties to their heritage)
- forced to abandom own language and culture punished if their culture was practiced
- children were sexually, emotionally, and physically abused; suffered poor diet and inadequate housing (lived in dormitories)
- linked to alcoholism, suicide, family violence
- system administered by protestant and catholic missionaries
14
Q
what was the national indian brotherhood?
A
- formed to represent “status indians” and metis
- renamed assembly of first nations in 1980s and made effort to establish better conditions for Indigenous peoples after fed gov took away indigenous promised land
- led attack on white paper demanding self-government to control their own affairs
15
Q
what are specific land claims?
A
- based on existing treaties
- treaties between indigenous peoples and the fed gov have been signed;terms were not kept
