French English Relations-Ch7 Flashcards
what is a referendum?
-when a political issue is submitted to a direct vote of all the citizens
why did PM pierre trudeau propose the constitution act 1982?
- wanted canada’s constitution to belong to canada
- make canada a sovereign nation in action and symbolically
why didn’t quebec sign the new constitution?
-premier of quebec rene levesque was not invited on the final night to discuss the draft of the new constitution with the other 9 premiers. quebec felt betrayed.
why was quebec as a distinct society an issue?
- french speakers in quebec had a different definition of what it meant to be quebecois from what it meant to be canadian.
- distinguishes quebec from english canada
who was the leader of the bloc quebecois federal party in 1993?
-Lucien Bouchard
who was the leader of the parti quebecois and became premier of quebec in 1994?
-Jacques Parizcau
how was the charlottetown accord 1992 different than the meech lake accord?
- made provisions for Indigenous self government, senate reform, universal healthcare, workers rights and environmental protection
- canada clause and distinct society clause for quebec included
what did the supreme court rule in 1998 regarding quebecs right seeking independence?
- quebec did not have right to separate on its own
- would have to negotiate with fed gov, 9 other provinces and indigenous nations living in quebec
- negotiations only able to start after referendum in which a clear majority voted yes to clear question
which act was passed in 1999 that stated in any future referenda quebec must ask a clear question and win a clear majority?
-clarity act
why were french canadians betrayed by treaty of paris 1763?
-france gave up new france and was left with only a few islands off of newfoundland
what was canada’s first constitution?
-quebec act 1774 passed by british gov;established rights of french canadians
what did the duplessis era come to be called?
-la Grande Noirceur-the Great Darkness
what was jean lesage campaign slogan?
-maitres chez nous-masters of our own house
why did lesage not want soverignty for quebec?
- wanted more control over decisions affecting quebecs future
- sought to create a new and equal partnership with english canada
what was french president charles degualles famous words at expo 67?
- vive le quebec libre-long live a free quebec
- encouraged french-canadian nationalism
what right did the official languages act 1969 give canadians?
- legal right and ability to deal with the federal governemtn in either french or english
- signed by PM pierre trudeau
what was the quiet revolution?
- period where quebec went through a period of rapid change and modernization called la revolution tranquille
- was a move away from the catholic church in political affairs
- increase in quebec nationalism and french canadians became quebecois
what was the FLQ?
- front de liberation du quebec
- canadian separist group founded in 1960s bases in montreal
- spoke of marxist objectives and the need for quebec to separate from canada
- committed to using violence to achieve their goals
what happened on oct 5 1970?
-four men of flq liberation cell kidnapped british trade commissioner james cross in montreal at gunpoint
where were the flq demands in exchange for cross’ release?
- ransom at $500,000
- transport to cuba
- reading of flq manifesto to public
- release of flq political prisoners
what happened on oct 10 1970?
-one cell in flq chenier cell, kidnapped vice premier and minister of labour of quebec pierre laporte
what did the can gov do for cross’ release after finding laportes body in the car trunk?
-PM trudeau agreed to broadcast the flq manifesto over the radio and transported five flq terrorist to cuba
what was the war measures act?
-act that gave the governemt power to take away certain civil rights
what is bill 22? why was it introduced?
- bill 22 made french the official language of quebec and strengthened french in the workplace
- introduce by robert bourassa when birthrates were declining and immigration was increasing in quebec
what was bill 101?
- introduced in 1977 by rene levesque to replace bill 22
- known as charter of french language bill-required french be the language used by governements, courts, businesses in quebec and commercial signs only to be displayed in french
- restricted access to english schools;required at least 1 parent of a child to have previously attened an english school in order for enrollement in a english school
what is the notwithstanding clause?
-the passing of a law that overrides certain sections of the charter for a period of five years
what new change did the language law bill 178 imply?
-outdoor signs must be in french but indoor signs could be billingual
who was maurice duplessis?
- union nationale premier of quebec 1936-1939 and 1944-1959
- staunch roman catholic and political conservative
- avoided english influence and refused money from fed gov -supporter of prov rights
- known for bad working conditions and discouraged unions and used strong arm tactics against them
- 1959-ppl want social change and stopped supporting duplessis = old fashioned
what are the potential impact of separation for canada?
- can would lose 15.5% of its land area
- can would lose up to 25% of its population
- can may lose up to 23% of its gross domestic product
- can would lose 15% of its fresh water and 14% of its mineral production
- atlantic canada would be physically severed and isolated from the rest of canada
- can defence would become more difficult
- quebec separation may cause other provinces to consider separating from confederation
- francophones in other provinces would be left without one of their most powerful allies
when was canada’s new flag raised?
-february 15 1965
when did canada officially become billingual?
- 1969
- official languages act
